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The New England Colonies

The New England Colonies.

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The New England Colonies

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  1. The New England Colonies In the early 1600’s the English were beginning new colonies along the Atlantic Coast in what is now the northeast region of the US. Known as New England, this region included land that became the states of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine.

  2. The New England Colonies Background • 1534 – King Henry VIII breaks away from Catholic Church & starts the Anglican Church. • English Reformation

  3. The Six Wives of Henry VIII

  4. Henry the VIII

  5. Catholicism Orthodox Roman Reformation Lutheran 1517 Anglican 1534 Reformed/Calvinist 1540 Puritan Separatists (Pilgrims) Christianity & Reformation

  6. Separatists Vs. Puritans

  7. Puritan vs. Separatists Many grow impatient of the slow pace of the Reformation. • Some want to reform (purify) the Anglican Church (Puritans) • Some want to separate completely from the church (Separatists).

  8. Plymouth Colony • These groups are persecuted for their beliefs • Persecute = treated unfairly for certain beliefs.

  9. Plymouth Colony • One Separatist group decides to leave England for the New World (Pilgrims) for religious freedom. • Religious Freedom = Practicing the religion of your choice freely.

  10. Mayflower • 1620 – Pilgrims negotiate with the Virginia Company to settle on “mouth of the Hudson River”. • 102 Pilgrims & Strangers set sail on the Mayflower. • The Mayflower is blown off course and lands in Mass.

  11. Plymouth Colony • The Pilgrims are outside the domain of the Virginia Company and need to have rules. • Before they leave the Mayflower they sign the Mayflower Compact • Signed by 41 men. • Mayflower Compact = Agree to treat each other equally and make decisions together. • Pilgrims then found Plymouth Colony

  12. The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1620

  13. Massachusetts Bay Colony • 1629 Puritans obtain royal charter to form the MA Bay Co. • Didn’t want to leave church, just its “impurities” • Led by John Winthrop • Puritan found Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630). • General Court (Elected Assembly) • Elected Governor

  14. John Winthrop “We shall be as a city on a hill…”

  15. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Puritans are religiously intolerant • Will not allow other religions. • By law everyone must be part of the Puritan Church • Great Migration = Movement of people to the New England Colonies (20,000 by 1643).

  16. The Great Migration

  17. Rhode Island, Connecticut, & New Hampshire The intolerance of the Puritans cause others to leave Massachusetts and establish new colonies. • New Hampshire • Rhode Island • Connecticut

  18. Rhode Island - Puritan “Rebels” • Roger Williams - Young, popular minister in Salem. • Denied authority of government to regulate religious behavior. • 1635  found guilty of preaching new & dangerous opinions and was exiled. Established a separate settlement in RI – others follow.

  19. Rhode Island • 1636  Roger Williams flees to Rhode Island. • Freedoms in Providence, RI: 1. Right to vote 2. Religious freedom 3. Separation of church & state • RI becomes known as the “Sewer” because it is seen by the Puritans as a dumping ground for unbelievers and religious dissenters.

  20. Anne Hutchinson – speaks out against Puritan leaders – wants religious freedom & toleration. • Hutchinson is forced out of MA.

  21. New Hampshire • Captain John Mason established a fishing village near the mouth of the Piscataqua River 1623. • Calls land “New Hampshire” • King Charles II takes away land from Puritans (King fears Puritan power in colonies – establishes a Royal Colony-1680).

  22. Connecticut • Rev. Thomas Hooker – Disagrees with Puritan authority. Leaves with about 100 & established Hartford. • Writes The Fundamental Orders – Written Plan of Government (1st written constitution). • Fundamental Orders allow: • Elected Assembly • Elected Governor

  23. New England Spreads Out

  24. Population of the New England Colonies

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