1 / 30

JOINTS

JOINTS. CHAPTER 8. ARTICULATIONS. STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION. FIBROUS DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE HOLDING THEM TOGETHER; LOTS OF COLLAGENOUS FIBERS CARTILAGINOUS CONNECTED BY HYALINE OR FIBROCARTILAGE SYNOVIAL

edie
Télécharger la présentation

JOINTS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. JOINTS CHAPTER 8

  2. ARTICULATIONS

  3. STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION • FIBROUS • DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE HOLDING THEM TOGETHER; LOTS OF COLLAGENOUS FIBERS • CARTILAGINOUS • CONNECTED BY HYALINE OR FIBROCARTILAGE • SYNOVIAL • MORE COMPLEX; ARTICULAR CARTILAGE; JOINT CAPSULE AND SYNOVIAL CAPUSULE WITH SYNOVIAL FLUID

  4. CLASSIFICATION • SYNARTHROTIC • IMMOVEABLE • AMPHIARTHROTIC • SLIGHTY MOVEABLE • DIARTHROTIC • FREELY MOVEABLE

  5. FIBROUS JOINTS • SYNDESMOSIS • INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE OR INTEROSSEOUS LIGAMENT JOINS BONES; • AMPHIARTROTIC: TWISTS • EX: TIBIA AND FIBULA • SUTURE • SUTURAL LIGAMENT: THIN LAYER OF DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE • SYNARTHROTIC • EX: FLAT BONES OF SKULL; CORONAL SUTURE • GOMPHOSIS • CONE SHAPED BONY PROCESS IN A BODY SOCKET • SYNARTHROTIC • PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT JOINS TEETH TO MAXILLA OR MANDIBLE

  6. CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS • SYNCHONDROSIS • HYALINE CARTILAGE BANDS • MANY TEMPORARY • EX: EPIPHYSEAL PLATE; BECOMES A SYNOSTOSIS: BONY JOINT: SYNARTHROTIC; MANUBRIUM AND FIRST RIB; COSTAL CARTILAGE AND STERNUM • SYMPHYSIS • THIN LAYER OF HYALINE CARTILAGE ON BONE WITH A FIBROCARTILAGE PAD • AMPHIARTHROTIC • EX: SYMPHYSIS PUBIS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS;

  7. SYNOVIAL JOINTS • DIARTHROTIC • STRUCTURE: http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20I%20Types%20of%20Joints.htm

  8. ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF JOINT CAPSULE • ARTICULAR CARTILAGE: • HYALINE CARTILAGE ON BONE • REDUCES FRICTION: REDUCES WEAR • JOINT CAPSULE/ARTICULAR CAPSULE • 2 LAYERS; HOLDS BONES TOGETHER; • OUTER LAYER DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE, FIBERS ATTACH TO PERIOSTEUM • PERMITS MOVEMENT BUT RESISTS PULLING APART • LIGAMENTS • COLLAGENOUS FIBER BUNDLES • PREVENTS EXCESSIVE MOVEMENT • SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE • INNER LAYER OF JOINT CAPSULE, MAY HAVE VILLI AND FOLDS (?) • FEW LAYERS THICK, SURROUNDS JOINT CAVITY • SECRETES AND REABSORBS SYNOVIAL FLUID • MAY STORE ADIPOSE TISSUE; FORM FATTY PADS

  9. J0INT CAPSULE CONTINUED • SYNOVIAL FLUID • CLEAR, VISCOUS FLUID • LUBRICATION • SUPPLIES CARTILAGE WITH NUTRIENTS • HAS STEM CELLS: MAY HELP LIGAMENT RESTORATION • MENISCI • BURSAE

  10. MENISCUS http://depts.washington.edu/msatlas/knmen.html

  11. BURSA http://www.easyfizzy.co.il/image/users/46789/ftp/my_files/prepburs.gif

  12. SYNOVIAL JOINTS • BALL-AND –SOCKET/SPHEROIDAL • CONDYLAR/ELLIPSOIDAL • PLANE/GLIDING/ARTHROIDAL • HINGE/GINGLYMUS • PIVOT/TROCHOID • SADDLE/SELLAR

  13. BALL-AND-SOCKET http://www.hss.edu/images/articles/FAI.jpg

  14. CONDYLAR JOINT http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/HandSurgery/sid211984.html

  15. PLANE JOINT www.ithaca.edu/faculty/lahr/LE2000/Back/Jointpage.htm

  16. HINGE JOINT www.vermontorthoclinic.org/elbow.html

  17. PIVOT JOINT http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP1pages/Units5to9/joints/synovial.htm

  18. SADDLE JOINT www.becomehealthynow.com/popups/joint_saddle_bh.htm

  19. JOINT MOVEMENTS • BALL-AND-SOCKET • MOVEMENTS IN ALL PLANES INCLUDING ROTATION; ALL MOVEMENTS • MULTIAXIAL • CONDYLAR • FLEXION; EXTENSION; ADDUCTION; ABDUCTION; CIRCUMDUCTION; NO ROTATION; • BIAXIAL: ALLOWS MOVEMENT IN SAGITTAL AND FRONTAL PLANES • PLANE • UNIAXIAL • BOUND IN MEMBRANE SO MOVEMENT IS LIMITED • SLIDING; TWISTING • HINGE • UNIAXIAL • FLEXION AND EXTENSION • PIVOT • UNIAXIAL • ROTATION • SADDLE • FLEXION; EXTENSION; ADDUCTION; ABDUCTION; CIRCUMDUCTION; LITTLE TO NO ROTATION; • BIAXIAL: ALLOWS MOVEMENT IN SAGITTAL AND FRONTAL PLANES

  20. KNOW THE JOINT MOVEMENTS • http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/Hypermuscle/Hyper.html

  21. FLEXION/EXTENSION

  22. KNOW THE JOINTS AND LIGAMENT • SHOULDER • ELBOW • HIP • KNEE

  23. SHOULDER JOINT http://www.stockmedicalart.com/medicalartlibrary/shoulder-joint-ligaments.html

  24. HIP JOINT http://www.netterimages.com/images/vpv/000/000/008/8638-0550x0475.jpg

  25. KNEE JOINT http://adam.about.com/encyclopedia/The-structure-of-a-joint.htm

  26. LIFE SPAN CHANGES • STIFFNESS • BY 40S COLLAGEN STRUCTURE DEGENERATES • FIBROUS JOINTS • FIRST: FONTANELS • ACCUMULATE BONE MATRIX, COULD FUSE, • STRENGTHEN OVER LIFE • SYNCHONDROSES • EPIPHYSEAL PLATE • MANUBRIUM & 1ST JOINT: WATER CONTENT DECREASES & CALCIUM SALT DEPOSITION INCREASES: STIFFENS CARTILAGE; LIGAMENTS LOSE ELASTICITY AS COLLAGEN FIBERS CROSS LINK; AFFECTS BREATHING

  27. LIFE SPAN CHANGES • SYMPHYSIS: • LOSS OF WATER DECREASES FLEXIBILITY; • LOSS OF ABILITY FOR SHOCK ABSORBANCY • LESS RANGE OF MOTION • LOSS OF HEIGHT • SYNOVIAL • LOSS OF FUNCTION BY 30S • LESS CAPILLARIES=LESS BLOOD FLOW AND AN INCREASE IN CARTILAGE AND FIBROUS MATERIAL+ LOSS OF ELASTICITY WHICH COULD AFFECT BALANCE= MORE FALLS

  28. LIFE SPAN CHANGES • PREVENTION: • USE: EXERCISE, INCREASES BLOOD SUPPLY AND REDUCES STIFFENING

More Related