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THE HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

BY:GWENDOLYN GIBSON. THE HISTORY OF COMPUTERS. ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS.

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THE HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

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  1. BY:GWENDOLYN GIBSON THE HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

  2. ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS A computer is simply a machine that is programmed to follow instructions.  Computers in today's world can perform thousands of tasks.  For example, they can be used to calculate personal finances, make animated films, order airline tickets, develop blueprints for a building, listen to a live concert, and of course, view and build web pages. 

  3. The computers of today have grown to become both economical and powerful.  Just to give you an example of how owning your own computer, capable of building and viewing high quality, professional web pages, is more practical today, look at the comparison below

  4. software What your computer can do depends upon two things: the hardware your computer has, and the software that can be run on your computer.  Hardware are physical components that make up your computer.  Any part of your computer that you can see or touch is hardware.  Software are programs or applications that run on your computer.  Without software, the hardware would be useless because the software tells the hardware what do to. Hardware

  5. Hardware it needs includes a modem or ethernet card, processor and monitor.  Yet, hardware alone can not show you web pages.  Although you have the modem or ethernet card to connect to the Internet, and the monitor to display the web pages for you, without the software your computer can not make the modem work, find the right web page on the web, or figure out how to bring it to your computer and display it properly.  You can think of software as part of the "brains" of your computer.

  6. There are many types of software, such as word processing, games, email programs, encyclopedias, web browsers, juke boxes, etc.  The most important software on your computer is the Operating System.  This is the "Master Mind" of your computer.  It allows you to easily access all your other software programs, and assures that they work well with each other and your computer's hardware.  Most computers come with the operating system and some software already installed, so whey you first boot up your computer it is ready to go.  The most common operating system is Microsoft Windows.  It is running on over 90% of all personal computers in the world.

  7. The CaseThis Case is the "box" or "chassis" that holds and encloses the many parts of your computer.  Its purpose is to protect them from damage and dust.  The case is usually made of metal.  The style and color of the case has changed somewhat over the last few years.  Until the year 2000 almost every case was an off-white color.  Since then, most computer manufacturers have opted for a gray, black, or silver case color.  The front of the case usually features the power button and media drive bays for the CD DVD Drive. THE CASE

  8. The MotherboardIf you open your computer's case, you will see various wires, chips, slots, etc.  The largest circuit board is called the Motherboard.  It holds and connects all the important parts of your computer together.  For example, the Motherboard holds all your computer's internal components.  In fact, every component in your computer connects to the Motherboard.   Some are permanently secured to the Motherboard during its construction.   It also contains expansion slots that allow you to plug in additional boards to enable your computer to do even more things. MOTHERBOARD

  9. Internal Hard DriveWhen you think of a Hard Drive, think of Long Term Memory.  The hard drive stores your operating system, software programs, and many other files.  Hard drives in personal computers are non-removable.  They are also very fast and are now reaching sizes of over 1 TB or 1000 GB.  They are connected to the mother board by ribbon cables.  Shown at the right are two hard drives.  The image on the left has the top cover removed so you can view the interior. HARDWARE

  10. The Processor (Microprocessor or CPU-Central Processing Unit)Attached to the motherboard, the main processor acts as the brains of your computer.  It processes all the instructions given to your computer.  The more powerful the processor, the faster your computer can accomplish its tasks.  Its speed is measured in Gigahertz (GHz).  The higher the Gigahertz, the faster the chip runs.  The Intel Xeon 4, shown at the right, can run between 3-4 GHz (3000-4000 MHz). THE PROCESSOR

  11. RAM (Random Access Memory)When you think of a RAM, think of Short Term Memory. Before you computer can open software, it must first copy it temporarily to your RAM.  This is where your computer places all your programs and applications that you currently have running.  The more RAM you have, the faster your computer can juggle multiple programs at once.  When you turn your computer off, the RAM is cleared.  Most computers allow you to change the amount of RAM you have.  If you want to add more RAM to your computer you can literally snap small boards(shown at the right) of RAM into your motherboard.  The most inexpensive way to speed up your computer is to add more RAM. THE RAM

  12. Expansion Slots and Cards When you want to add something to your computer, your first step is to see if you have any unused Expansion Slots.  Expansion Slots are ports in your motherboard to which you can additional hardware.  Most computers come with a few slots open, allowing you to expand your computer's capabilities.  There are many "cards" you can place in the slots, such as a Video Card or Ethernet Card (shown at the right).  Before you purchase a new card for you computer, it is important to make sure that the card is compatible with the available slots on your motherboard.  The side of the card will snap into the motherboard and the end of the card will face the outside of the rear of your computer. Slots & cards

  13. If you have ever looked at the back of your computer, you may have noticed a collection of oddly shaped things that look like outlets.  These are your computers many Ports.  They are how your computer connects to the many peripheral devices such as printers, scanners, keyboard, mouse, and many more.  If you can identify these connections and know how to use them, you will be able to get more out of your computer.  Listed and shown below are many of the ports found on today's computer and a brief description of each.

  14. CONNECTIONS Power Adapter InThis is where the power cord connects to the computer

  15. DVI Video OutputThis is a digital video connection that sends the signal to your monitor.  It replaced the older analog VGA connection.

  16. Serial PortThis has been a popular port for many years because of its versatility.  It has been used to connect the computer to just about every peripheral device on the market.  The Serial Port's two main limitations are that you can only have two of them on your computer and newer ports can transfer data more quickly.

  17. USB 2.0 PortsThe Universal Serial Bus allows you to "daisy chain" several USB devices together, then connect them to your computer through just one connection. The latest USB standard (2.0) transfers data at the speedy rate of 480 Megabytes/sec.  Many different devices now offer a USB connection as it has grown to be the most common port used today among peripheral devices.  The keyboard and mouse are typically now connected via USB. 

  18. Parallel Printer PortCommonly referred to as the Printer Port the Parallel Port will transfer data faster than the serial port.  This port has been the connection of choice for connecting printers to computers for years.  Even though many printers now connect to the computer via USB, some still use the Parelle Printer Port.

  19. Ethernet/Network JackThis is what high speed modems (DSL & Cable) use when then connect to your computer.  It is also how you are most likely connected to your network at your school, which in turn connects you to the Internet

  20. Line In PortThis is where you plug your computer's microphone in to record your voice

  21. Speaker Out PortYour computer's speakers and/or headphones plug into this port

  22. MONITORS • The monitor shows you what is going on inside the computer.  • In fact, you could hook a different monitor up to your computer every day if you wish and it would not effect your computer's performance, programs, or files in any way.  Monitors are usually connected to a video card, which has been snapped into a slot in the motherboard, allowing the computer to send the display to the monitor. • The most common type of computer monitor in the past has been the CRT (Cathode-ray tube).  These provide a quality display and have dominated the market since the beginning of the personal computer age.  However, they use a lot of power, give off a lot of heat, and take up a lot of room.  Taking more and more of the market share is the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Monitor.  It is becoming more popular because it takes up less room and many feel it is easier on their eyes.  Another flat panel design on the rise is Gas Plasma screens, they currently provide the largest screen area of all monitors, but are not cost effective, thus they are not widely used

  23. Mouse Input devices THE MOUSE IS AN INPUT ADVICE.IT IS VISIBLE ON YOUR MONITOR.

  24. KEYBOARDS Most Keyboards today are the multi-function models that have added built-in "short cut" buttons which immediately allow you to jump to such functions as controlling video, audio, printing, scanning, or going online. Input devices

  25. OUTPUT DEVICES SPEAKERS PRINTERS

  26. COMPUTER DEVICES USB CD/DVDS

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