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Issues in Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL)

Issues in Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). Session 7 Using Technology to Teach Speaking and Pronunciation Skills. Contents. 1. The Role of Speaking in SLA 2. Approaches to the Teaching of Speaking Skills 3. Approaches to Pronunciation Instruction

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Issues in Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL)

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  1. Issues in Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Session 7 Using Technology to Teach Speaking and Pronunciation Skills

  2. Contents 1. The Role of Speaking in SLA 2. Approaches to the Teaching of Speaking Skills 3. Approaches to Pronunciation Instruction 4. The Use of Computers in Teaching Speaking and Pronunciation Skills

  3. The Role of Speaking in SLA • focus on the speaker's ability to 1) take in messages 2) negotiate meaning 3) produce comprehensible output. the interactive nature of listening & the crucial role of negotiating meaning. 

  4. The Role of Speaking in SLA 2. comprehensible output: Swain (1985) argued for the importance of comprehensible output that requires the learners to negotiate meaning and formulate and test hypotheses about the structures and functions of the language they produce.

  5. Approaches to the Teaching of Speaking Skills Instructional tools: audiotapes videos multimedia computer technology

  6. Approaches to the Teaching of Speaking Skills •  For the beginning levels of instruction: audio-lingual method (ALM) total physical response (TPR) the natural approach the silent way suggestopedia

  7. Approaches to the Teaching of Speaking Skills  For the more advanced levels of instruction: communicative language teaching (CLT) task-based approach

  8. Approaches to the Teaching of Speaking Skills Please find the explanation of the various teaching approaches in the Overview of Treatment of Speaking in Second Language Teaching Methods.

  9. Approaches to Pronunciation Instruction 1. Intuitive-imitative approach 2. Analytic-linguistic approach 3. Current integrative approach

  10. Intuitive-imitative approach • the sound and rhythms without the assistance of explicit instruction. • technologies: audiotapes, videos, and computer-based programs and websites

  11. Analytic-linguisticapproach • explicit, structured teaching of speech features utilizing: articulatory descriptions , charts of speech apparatus, phonetic alphabet and vowel charts, and a variety of interactive speech analysis software and websites.

  12. Current integrative approach • an integral component of communication, rather than an isolated drill and practice sub-skill • within meaningful task-based activities • using pronunciation-focused listening activities - suprasegmentals of stress, rhythm, and intonation

  13. Current integrative approach - meet the learners' particular needs - A dual-focus : The micro level: linguistic (i.e., phonetic-phonological) competence through practice of segmentals and the suprasegmentals. The macro level: discourse, sociolinguingisc, and strategic competence by using the language for communicative purposes.

  14. Current integrative approach • Goals of pronunciation instruction: developintelligible speech and to be able to effectively communicate (Miller, 2000) • Four basic pronunciation goals Morely (1991) that are realistic aspirations: Functional intelligibility Functional communicability Increased self-confidence Speech monitoring ability and speech modification strategies

  15. The Use of Computers in Teaching Speaking and Pronunciation Skills 1. Purpose of using computers 2. In teaching speaking skills 3. In teaching pronunciation skills

  16. Purpose of using computers • to create an environment • to encourage communication • to provide increased and more varied communicative opportunities

  17. In teaching speaking skills 1. as a Tutor (human-to-machine interaction) Examples:  My English Tutor 我的口說英語家教(CD-ROM 試用版下載) 2. The Computer used as an Instructional Tool (human-to-human interaction via the computer in the classroom) Examples:   Focus English: Everyday English in Conversation • Conversation Questions for the ESL & EFL Classroom

  18. In teaching speaking skills • as a Communication Medium - using MOOs (Multi-user domains, Object Oriented) and Chat Rooms (or IRC - Internet Rely Chat) Examples:  schMOOze University • ESL Cafe's Chat Central • ESL Chat Room in EnglishClub.com • Chat Room in Englishbaby.com • VLC Chat Rooms (Hong Kong)

  19. In teaching pronunciation skills • Articulatory charts • Sample words utilizing the targeted sound • Minimal pairs/comparison words • Listening discrimination of minimal pairs within a sentence • Sample sentences with several words utilizing the targeted sound • Dictations • Cloze exercises • Suprasegmental exercises (including intonation, rhythm, stress, and timing)

  20. In teaching pronunciation skills Examples:  • American English Pronunciation Practice • Sounds of English • English Pronunciation at EnglishClub.com • Phonetics: English Sound Library (University of Iowa) • English Pronunciation/Listening (Okanagan University College, Canada)

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