Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence

1. TRADOC DCSINT Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command

2. FM 7-100.3 Opposing Force: Paramilitary and Nonmilitary Organizations and Tactics Chapter 5 Internal Security Forces

3. MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR CHIEF OF INTERNAL SECURITY INTERNALSECURITYFORCES CIVIL DEFENSE DIRECTORATE POLITICAL DIRECTORATE STATE SECURITY DIRECTORATE GENERAL POLICE DIRECTORATE BORDER GUARD FORCES NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES SPECIAL- PURPOSE FORCES INTELLIGENCE DIRECTORATE “Confronted with a choice, the American people would choose the policeman’s truncheon over the Anarchist’s bomb.”Vice President Spiro T. Agnew Ministry of the Interior

4. Supreme High Command and Service Components NATIONAL COMMAND AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF DEFENSE SUPREME HIGH COMMAND GENERAL STAFF OPERATIONS DIRECTORATE INTELLIGENCE DIRECTORATE ORGANIZATION & MOBILIZATION DIRECTORATE ARMY NAVY AIR FORCE STRATEGIC FORCES SPF COMMAND INTERNAL SECURITY FORCES AIR DEFENSE FORCES The primary imperative for the State is preservation of the regime and all four instruments of national power

5. Threats "People cause problems - no people, no problems" Stalin Internal Regional Extraregional

6. Threats While free societies tend to tolerate protest…

7. Threats ...the attitude of the State is that protest against the State or its policies will not be accepted

8. In the 20th Century, more people have been killed by their own governments than by all wars combined. WARS • About 25 million soldiers died in World Wars I and II • Another 12 million were killed in the century's other wars • Total of 37 million dead GOVERNMENTS • Soviet Union: 40 Million • China 35 Million • Germany: 12 Million • Ottoman Empire: 2 Million • Ethiopia: 1 Million • Indonesia: .6 Million • Rwanda: .5 Million • Serbia: .2 Million • Total of 91.3 million dead The State

9. Internal threats often intensify during war. For instance, an enemy may incite or support anti-State activities by various segments of the State’s population . Threats The future of the Kurdish people is a concern of the internal security forces of many middle eastern nations. The fear is that an enemy might support Kurds who want to violently establish a Kurdish homeland out of their territory.

10. MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR CHIEF OF INTERNAL SECURITY INTERNAL SECURITYFORCES CIVIL DEFENSE DIRECTORATE POLITICAL DIRECTORATE STATE SECURITY DIRECTORATE GENERAL POLICE DIRECTORATE BORDER GUARD FORCES NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES SPECIAL- PURPOSE FORCES INTELLIGENCE DIRECTORATE Ministry of the Interior

11. The KGB,literally "the Committee for State Safety," did not arrange its midnight knocks at the door to check for slippery floors but rather to enforce the USSR's control over its people. It incorporated the functions of the Political Directorate, the Intelligence Directorate, and the State Security Directorate.

12. MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR CHIEF OF INTERNAL SECURITY INTERNALSECURITYFORCES CIVIL DEFENSE DIRECTORATE POLITICAL DIRECTORATE STATE SECURITY DIRECTORATE GENERAL POLICE DIRECTORATE BORDER GUARD FORCES NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES SPECIAL- PURPOSE FORCES INTELLIGENCE DIRECTORATE Political Directorate

13. MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR CHIEF OF INTERNAL SECURITY INTERNALSECURITYFORCES CIVIL DEFENSE DIRECTORATE POLITICAL DIRECTORATE STATE SECURITY DIRECTORATE GENERAL POLICE DIRECTORATE BORDER GUARD FORCES NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES SPECIAL- PURPOSE FORCES INTELLIGENCE DIRECTORATE Intelligence Directorate

14. Intelligence Directorate • Subversive Groups • Eavesdropping • HUMINT Network • Foreign Spies • Foreign-Based Corporations • Non Government Organizations (NGOs) and Private Volunteer Organizations (PVOs)

15. Intelligence Directorate • Regional Opponents • Expanded HUMINT Network • Cornerstone of RISTA • Extraregional Opponents • Offset Enemy’s Technological Advantages

16. MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR CHIEF OF INTERNAL SECURITY INTERNALSECURITYFORCES CIVIL DEFENSE DIRECTORATE POLITICAL DIRECTORATE STATE SECURITY DIRECTORATE GENERAL POLICE DIRECTORATE BORDER GUARD FORCES NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES SPECIAL- PURPOSE FORCES INTELLIGENCE DIRECTORATE State Security Directorate

17. STATE SECURITY DIRECTORATE BORDER GUARD FORCES NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES SPECIAL- PURPOSE FORCES State Security DirectorateBorder Guard Forces

18. State Security DirectorateBorder Guard Forces Professional Cadre Conscripts Civilian Auxiliaries

19. State Security DirectorateBorder Guard Forces BORDER GUARD FORCES Training Unit Intelli-genceUnit Aviation Support Unit Naval Support Unit Special Border Battalion Border Brigade General Head- quarters

20. Brigade Headquarters Intelligence Unit Border Battalions Aerial Observation Detachment Naval Support Unit Public Affairs Section State Security DirectorateBorder Guard Forces BORDER BRIGADE

21. BORDER BATTALION Heavy Weapons Company Battalion Headquarters Border Company Public Affairs Element Intelligence Element Mobile Security Team Border Post Team State Security DirectorateBorder Guard Forces

22. State Security DirectorateSpecial Border Battalion Elite Paramilitary Force Airborne Qualified Counterterrorism Commando Tactics Teams or Detachments

23. Case Study: Warsaw Pact Border Security The USSR concentrated its security forces to protect its shores and borders where it felt most threatened as depicted in this 1984 map.

24. “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an Iron Curtain has descended across the Continent.”Winston S. Churchill, March 5, 1946

25. STATE SECURITY DIRECTORATE BORDER GUARD FORCES NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES SPECIAL- PURPOSE FORCES State Security DirectorateNational Security Forces

26. State Security DirectorateNational Security Forces Dissidents Insurgents Regional Opponent Extraregional Opponent Banner commemorating student defiance at Tiananmen Square, China 1989

27. State Security DirectorateNational Security Forces Dedicated and Loyal Covert Agents Military Ranks and Training Electronic Surveillance Prisoner Interrogation Augment Armed Forces (Intel)

28. NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES General Headquarters Intelligence Unit Security Brigade Aviation Support Unit Training Unit State Security DirectorateNational Security Forces

29. SECURITY BRIGADE Brigade Headquarters Intelligence Section Security Battalion Aerial Observation Detachment Air Transport Unit Public Affairs Section National Security ForcesSecurity Brigade

30. INTELLIGENCE SECTION 1 x Section Chief 1 x Deputy Chief 1 x Administrative/ Finance Spec 1 x Logistics Spec 1 x Legal Spec Administrative Services Subsection Intelligence Operations and Collection Subsection Intelligence Production Subsection Communications Subsection 1 x Leader 1 x Information Spec 5 x Agents 1 x Leader 3 x Intel Analysts 1 x Leader 3 x Communications Spec National Security ForcesSecurity Brigade Intelligence elements of the National Security Forces have considerable authority to imprison and interrogate suspicious personnel.

31. Security Battalion Security Company Heavy Weapons Company Battalion Headquarters Public Affairs Element Intelligence Element Security Platoon National Security ForcesSecurity Battalion

32. State Security DirectorateNational Security Forces Located Throughout the State Protects Government and Industrial Installations Neutralizes Dissidents and Spies Guards and Interrogates POWs Evacuates Threatened Areas Provides LOC and Convoy Security Provides VIP Protection Beirut security guardingkey infrastructure, 1996 Honduran security guard stands sentry duty at airhead, 1983

33. STATE SECURITY DIRECTORATE BORDER GUARD FORCES NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES SPECIAL- PURPOSE FORCES State Security DirectorateSpecial-Purpose Forces

34. SPF DETACHMENT SPF Team Headquarters 1 x Commander 1 x Deputy Commander 1 x Admin Spec 1 x Finance Spec 3 x Intelligence Spec 1 x Logistics Spec 1 x Communications Spec 1 x Team Leader 6-8 x Commandos 2-4 x Snipers State Security DirectorateSpecial-Purpose Forces Special - Purpose Soldier from Kazakhstan

35. State Security DirectorateSpecial-Purpose Forces Internal State Functions • VIP Security • Hostage Rescue • Counterdrug • Counterinsurgency • Counterterrorism • Direct Action and Sabotage • Infiltration and Disruption

36. State Security DirectorateSpecial-Purpose Forces War Time Functions • Strategic Reserve • Covert Missions • VIP Protection • Training of Insurgents • Securing Occupied Territory • Operating as Combat Troops • Actions against Extraregional Power

37. MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR CHIEF OF INTERNAL SECURITY INTERNALSECURITYFORCES CIVIL DEFENSE DIRECTORATE POLITICAL DIRECTORATE STATE SECURITY DIRECTORATE GENERAL POLICE DIRECTORATE BORDER GUARD FORCES NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES SPECIAL- PURPOSE FORCES INTELLIGENCE DIRECTORATE General Police Directorate

38. General Police DirectoratePolice Functions Maintain Law and Order Enforce Regulations “As long as the 'police' carries out the will of the leadership, it is acting legally." - Nazi jurist, Dr. Werner Best, on the Gestapo’s freedom from the limitations of written law.

39. General Police DirectoratePolice Organizations National Police District Police Local Police

40. Internal Affairs NATIONAL POLICE Intelligence Department Training Department Operations and Investigations Department Administrative Services Department Surveillance Directorate Special Police Directorate Tactical Directorate Special Police Narcotics Directorate Organized Crime Directorate Administrative Directorate Finance Directorate Federal Regulation Transportation Directorate Other General Police DirectorateNational Police

41. General Police DirectorateSpecial Police Elite Paramilitary Units Counter Civil Disturbances and Terrorism Direct Action Collection of Foreign and Internal Intelligence Supplement the Armed Forces Special Police Battalion VIP Protection

42. General Police DirectorateSpecial Police • Crush Dissidents • Domestic Counterintelligence • SWAT Teams • Capture Escapees • Seize Weapons • Crack Down on Public Disturbances • Combat Potential

43. DISTRICT POLICEFORCE Intelligence Department Liaison Department Training Department Administrative Department 1 x Officer 4 x Detectives 1 x Officer 1 x Admin Spec 3 x Officers 1 x Officer 3 x Admin Spec Sub-District Superintendent Investigation Directorate Surveillance Directorate Special Police 1 x Officer 5-10 x Intel Spec 1 x Officer 8-12 x Special Police 1 x Officer 5-10 x Investigators Intelligence Directorate Administrative Directorate Operations and Investigations Directorate 1 x Officer 5 x Admin Spec 1 x Officer 1 x Admin Spec 1 x Officer 6 x Intel Spec Traffic Bureau Criminal Investigation Bureau Narcotics Bureau Theft Bureau Theft Bureau Airfield Bureau 1 x Officer 2 x Detectives 4-8 x Investigators 1 x Officer 4 x Detectives 16-20 x Agents 2 x Officers 15-30 x Patrolmen 1 x Officer 6-8 x Patrolmen 1 x Officer 6-8 x Patrolmen 1 x Officer 2-3 x Air Traffic Specialists 8-10 x Patrolmen General Police DirectorateDistrict Police

44. LOCAL POLICE FORCE 1 x Police Chief Headquarters Police Station 1 x Detective 2 x Admin Spec 1 x Deputy Police Chief Investigations Section Patrols Section Traffic Section Other Sections 1 x Detective 4 x Investigators 1 x Officer 5 x Patrolmen 1 x Officer 3 x Patrolmen 1 x Officer 1 x Admin Spec General Police DirectorateLocal Police

45. MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR CHIEF OF INTERNAL SECURITY INTERNALSECURITYFORCES CIVIL DEFENSE DIRECTORATE POLITICAL DIRECTORATE STATE SECURITY DIRECTORATE GENERAL POLICE DIRECTORATE BORDER GUARD FORCES NATIONAL SECURITY FORCES SPECIAL- PURPOSE FORCES INTELLIGENCE DIRECTORATE Civil Defense Directorate

46. Civil Defense DirectorateCivil Defense Units • Paramilitary Units • Protect an Area or Installation • Nonmilitary Units Support • Civil Engineering • Salvage and Repair • Industrial Production • Both Cooperate with National Police and other Internal Security Forces

47. TRADOC DCSINT Civil Defense DirectorateCivil Defense Missions • Peacetime: • Disaster Relief • Civil Engineering Programs • Wartime: • Repair Battle-Damaged Facilities • Minimize Enemy Impact on Infrastructure • Perform Support Area Security • Supplement Combat Engineers

48. Operations and Tactics Border Security Counterinsurgency Counterespionage Reconnaissance/Surveillance Security Operations Population Control Civic Action

49. Operations and Tactics • Counterterrorism • Hostage Rescue • VIP Protection • Direct Action • Raid • Ambush • Terror Tactics

50. Operations and Tactics Observation Post at Checkpoint Charlie Patrols Observation Posts Checkpoints Population Control on patrol... SomalianCheckpoint Internal Travel Permit for Jewish peasant, 1915 Belarus