Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence

1. TRADOC DCSINT Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command

2. FM 7-100.3 Opposing Force: Paramilitary and Nonmilitary Organizations and Tactics Chapter 7 Noncombatants

3. Noncombatants noncombatant — an individual, in anarea of combat operations, who is not armed and is not participating in any activity in support of any of the factions or forces involved in combat. (FM 101-5-1)

4. Types of Noncombatants Media Humanitarian Relief Organizations Criminals Transnational Corporations Private Security Organizations Other Civilians on the Battlefield

5. Types of NoncombatantsMedia • Local, National, and International • Provide Information • Objective or Biased • Situational Awareness • Outlet for Propaganda/PSYWAR • Can Affect— • Public Opinion • National Will • International Relations Recent POW interviewed by Press

6. Types of NoncombatantsHumanitarian Relief Organizations • Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) • Private Volunteer Organizations (PVOs) • Motivation— • Charity • Manmade and Natural Disasters • Disease, Hunger, and Poverty • Stated and Hidden Interests

7. Executive Committee President Vice President 15-20 Members General Affairs Directorate Field Operations Directorate Law and Policy Directorate Personnel Branch Finance Branch Information Branch Communications Branch Policy, Strategy, and Doctrine Branch International Law Branch Chief Lawyers Legal Spec Chief Info Spec Chief Commo Spec Chief Foreign Affairs Spec Planners Chief Finance Spec Chief Admin Spec Medical Support Branch Agriculture Branch Other 1 Relief Work Branch 1 Engineer, education, and liaison branches Chief Doctors Nurses Medics Medical Spec Chief Nutritionists/Nurses Food Handling Spec Water Purification Spec Other Volunteers Chief Agriculture Engineers Botanists Veterinarian Other Volunteers Types of NoncombatantsHumanitarian Relief Organization

8. Case Study:International Aid, the Free Burma Rangers & the Karen People

9. Faith-based charities organize missions to teach basic medic techniques International Aid

10. Volunteer Security / Guide Organization Smuggles Medicine and other Supplies to Karen people Led / trained by former Special Forces soldiers Free Burma Rangers Creed on T-shirt Uniform

11. Types of NoncombatantsCriminals • Organization • No Formal Structure • Small Scale Gangs or Rings • Nuisance • Little Power to Influence • No Bribing on Grand Scale • Opportunists

12. Types of NoncombatantsTransnational Corporations • Partnership/Invitation • Build Infrastructure but • Motives not always charitable

13. Types of NoncombatantsTransnational Corporations Discourage Collateral Damage Armed Security Forces Enhance Security Invite Outside Intervention

14. Types of NoncombatantsPrivate Security Organizations • Security and/or Intelligence • Contractual or Self-Interest • Adjunct or Advisors to— • Host-Nation Military • Paramilitary Organizations • Police Forces • Private Individuals/Businesses

15. Types of NoncombatantsPrivate Security Organizations • Transnational Corporations • Domestic Firms • Local Volunteers • Sophistication and Competence Varies • Allegiance Varies Flag of the province of Biafra Competing international interests, transnational corporations protecting their investments, and private security organizations fielding mercenary units aided the Nigerians in crushing Biafra's bid for independence (1967-1970).

16. PRIVATE SECURITY ORGANIZATION 1x President Board of Directors 3x Members Information and Investigative Services Administrative Services Patrol Services Guard Services 1x Administrative/ Financial Spec 2x Logistics Spec 2x Investigators 1x Intelligence Spec 2x Information Spec Patrol Team 4x Patrolmen Guard Team Guard Team 2x Watchmen 2x Bodyguards PSO Structure

17. Types of NoncombatantsPrivate Security Organizations Prevent Intrusions or Theft Protect Property and People Enforce Rules and Regulations Conduct Investigations Neutralize Threats

18. Types of NoncombatantsPrivate Security Organizations Tailored to Customer’s Needs • Provide Bodyguards • Conduct Surveillance or Search • Guard Facilities • Active and Passive Measures • Rudimentary or Advanced Technology • Offensive Actions

19. Types of NoncombatantsOther Civilians on the Battlefield (COBs) Government Officials Business People Local Population Transients Displaced Civilians

20. Types of NoncombatantsOther Civilians Support of the civilian population is important to organizations — • Insurgent • Terrorist • Drug and Criminal • Government

21. Information Warfare • Perception Management • Manipulation of Information • Media • Information Branch • Public Relations • Information Services • Shape Perception and Opinion

22. Exploiting Noncombatants Exploitation requires knowledge of their: • Organization • Motivation • Activities and Services • Constraints

23. Exploiting NoncombatantsMotivation of Noncombatants • Individuals • Altruism (Unselfish/Humanitarian) • Personal Dissatisfaction • Job Satisfaction • Greed • Organizations • Public Statements • Hidden Agendas

24. Exploiting NoncombatantsActions and Services

25. Exploiting Noncombatants Shields, Obstacles, or Sanctuary Impede Enemy Progress Shape the Battlefield Lure Enemy into Kill Zone/Ambush Demand on Supply and Medical Cover for Intelligence or Direct Action Elements The military rational behind the dishonorable act of strafing civilians has been to spread panic that clogs enemy roads with refugees.

26. Exploiting Noncombatants Coercion Supply Needs Exploit Weaknesses Provide Information and “Spin” Orchestrate Civil Disturbance

27. NoncombatantsSummary Media Humanitarian Relief Organizations Criminals Transnational Corporations Private Security Organizations Other Civilians on the Battlefield