Air Pollution

1. Air Pollution

2. What is it?

3. Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere.

4. International Agreements on Climate Change • Montreal Protocol (1987) • Kyoto Protocol (2005)

5. The Things Involve • Carbon Monoxide • Sulfur Dioxide • Nitrogen Dioxide • Particulate Matter • Ground Level Ozone

6. Carbon Monoxide • colorless, odorless • produced when carbon does not burn in fossil fuels • present in car exhaust • deprives body of O2 causing headaches, fatigue, and impaired vision

7. Sulfur Dioxide • produced when coal and fuel oil are burned • present in power plant exhaust • narrows the airway, causing wheezing and shortness of breath, especially in those with asthma

8. Nitrogen Dioxide • reddish, brown gas • produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in the atmosphere • present in car exhaust and power plants • affects lungs and causes wheezing; increases chance of respiratory infection

9. Particulate Matter • particles of different sizes and structures that are released into the atmosphere • present in many sources including fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc. • can build up in respiratory system • aggravates heart and lung disease; increases risk of respiratory infection

10. Ground Level Ozone • at upper level, ozone shields Earth from sun’s harmful UV rays • at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants • formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust • irritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs

11. These 5 together form..... • Smog • Acid Rain • Green House Effect • Hole in Ozone Layer • Indoor Air Pollution

12. SMOG • Combination of gases with water vapor and dust • Combination of words smoke and fog • Forms when heat and sunlight react gases (photochemical smog) • Occurs often with heavy traffic, high temperatures, and calm winds

13. Its effects..... • 1st smog related deaths were in London in 1873; death toll 500 people; can you imagine how much worse the atmosphere is now?! • Limits visibility • Decreases UV radiation • Yellow/black color over cities • Causes respiratory problems and bronchial related deaths

15. Acid Rain • contains high levels of sulfuric or nitric acids • contaminate drinking water and vegetation • damage aquatic life • erode buildings • Alters the chemical equilibrium of some soils

17. Its Effects…… • Acid rain causes acidification of lakes and streams . • It contributes to the damage of trees and many sensitive forest soils. • It accelerates the decay of building materials and paints, including irreplaceable buildings, statues, and sculptures that are part of our nation's cultural heritage.

18. Greenhouse effect It generally comes from the build up of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is produced when fuels are burned. America’s power plants are our biggest industrial polluters. Each year they pump more than two billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air. Carbon pollution is causing climate change that drives dangerous heat waves and worsening smog pollution, which causes asthma attacks and other serious respiratory illnesses. In this type of pollution sun rays go into the atmosphere and they are trapped by greenhouse-gasses. So the temperature on the earth raise.

19. Sources of GHG’s

20. Hole in the ozone layer • It is another result of air pollution. • Chemicals released by our activities affect the stratosphere. • Release of CFC from heating, aerosol cans , rockets, refrigerator equipment's remove some of the ozone , causing “ HOLES” .

21. Indoor Air Pollution It’s more dangerous than the outdoor pollution, because we do everything in enclosed environments where air circulation may be restricted. There are many sources of indoor air pollution: tobacco smoke, cooking and heating appliances, and vapors from building materials.

22. Sources of Outside Air Pollution • Combustion of gasoline and other hydrocarbon fuels in cars, trucks, and airplanes • Burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal, and dinosaur bones) • Insecticides • Herbicides • Everyday radioactive fallouts • Dust from fertilizers • Mining operations • Livestock feedlots

23. A major form of air pollution is emissions given off by vehicles. The number of cars in EU has doubled between 1970 and 1994 – 3% per year

24. Health Effects Air pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide also have harmful effects on natural ecosystems.  They can kill plants and trees by destroying their leaves, and can kill animals, especially fish in highly polluted rivers Older people are highly vulnerable to diseases induced by air pollution.  Those with heart or lung disorders are under additional risk.

25. So, What can YOU do to save WORLD?

26. Ride your bicycle • Tell your friends and family about pollution • Make sure your parents get pollution checks on their cars • Ride the Public Transport

27. Learn more; stay up to date • Join a group to stop pollution • Recycle your home waste (plastic bottles, • bags) • Encourage your parents to carpool to work • Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc. when you leave the room • Use Reusable things instead of Disposable

28. We only have one world..... Do you want it like this?

29. Credits…… Adeel Rafiq (BSCE01103167) Tayyab Ali (BSCE01103157) Nouman Ashraf (BSCE01103033) Awais Sadiq (BSCE01103016) Shahid Amin (BSCE01103012)

30. Links…… • http://edugreen.teri.in/explore/air.htm • http://www.oneworld.net/penguin/pollution/pollution_home.html • http://www.rcc.org/oem/aqindex.html • http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/air/monops/lessoms/mathlesson.html