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Group Members. Adil Qadeer Bme01083001 Adeel Sajid Bme01083040 Haider Hayat Bme01083095 Rehan Nazir Ch Bme01083051. Air Pollution. AIR POLLUTION Any visible or invisible particle or gas found in the air that is not part of the original, normal composition.

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Group Members

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  1. Group Members Adil Qadeer Bme01083001 Adeel Sajid Bme01083040 Haider Hayat Bme01083095 Rehan Nazir Ch Bme01083051

  2. Air Pollution

  3. AIR POLLUTION • Any visible or invisible particle or gas found in the air that is not part of the original, normal composition.

  4. Source of Air Pollution

  5. Natural:forest fires, pollen, dust storm Unnatural: man-made; coal, wood and other fuels used in cars, homes, and factories for energy

  6. The measured pollutants.....

  7. 5 Major Pollutants: 1..) Carbon Monoxide 2.) Sulfur Dioxide 3.) Nitrogen Dioxide 4.) Particulate Matter 5.) Ground Level Ozone

  8. Carbon Monoxide • colorless, odorless • produced when carbon does not burn in fossil fuels • present in car exhaust • causing headaches, fatigue, and impaired vision

  9. Sulfur Dioxide • produced when coal and fuel oil are burned • present in power plant exhaust • narrows the airway, causing shortness of breath, especially in those with asthma

  10. Nitrogen Dioxide • reddish, brown gas • produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in the atmosphere • present in car exhaust and power plants • affects lungs and ; increases chance of respiratory infection

  11. Particulate Matter • particles of different sizes and structures that are released into the atmosphere • present in many sources including fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc. • can build up in respiratory system • cause heart and lung disease; increases risk of respiratory infection

  12. Ground Level Ozone • at upper level, ozone shields Earth from sun’s harmful UV rays • at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants • formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust • irritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs

  13. These 5 together form.....

  14. SMOG

  15. Combination of gases with water vapor and dust • Combination of smoke and fog • Forms when heat and sunlight react gases (photochemical smog) • Occurs often with heavy traffic, high temperatures, and calm winds

  16. Its effects.....

  17. Limits visibility • Decreases UV radiation • Yellow/black color over cities

  18. Effect of Air Pollution • Effect on vegetation • Effect on human beings and animals • Effect on materials

  19. Effect on vegetation Vegetation exposed to atmosphere containing heavy amount of sulphur dioxide is severly damaged. It is also affected by ozone and nitrogen dioxide

  20. Effect on Human Beings Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effects. Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways. Some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others. Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution. People with health problems such as asthma, heart and lung disease may also suffer more when the air is polluted.

  21. Effect on Material Air pollution affect material in the following way and cause ecnomic iosses: • Abrasion • Deposition of material • Direct chemical attack • Indirect chemical attack • Corrosion

  22. Control of Air Pollution

  23. Control of Air Pollution • Gravity settling chamber • Mechanical collectors • Vegetation • Zoning

  24. Gravity Settling Chambers • As the name implies, this category of control devices relies upon gravity settling to remove particles from the gas stream • This device consists of huge rectangular chamber.the gas steam polluted with particulates is allowed to enter from one end. The horizontal velocity of the gas stream is kept low (less then .3 m/s ) in order to give sufficient time for the particles to settle by gravity.

  25. Mechanical Collectors • There are two main types of mechanical collectors: • (1) large-diameter cyclones • (2) small-diameter multi-cyclones • Large-diameter cyclones are usually one to six feet in diameter; while small-diameter multi-cyclones usually have diameters between 3 and 12 inches.

  26. Large-DiameterCyclones • The gas stream enters the cyclone tangentially and creates a weak vortex of spinning gas in the cyclone body. Large-diameter particles move toward the cyclone body wall and then settle into the hopper of the cyclone. The cleaned gas turns and exits the cyclone. Large-diameter cyclones are used to collect particles ranging in diameters from one-sixteenth inch to more than 6 inches.

  27. Vegetation • Plants contribute towards controlling air pollution by utilizing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen in the process of photosynthesis. This purifies the air for the respiration of men and animals.

  28. Zoning • This method of controlling air pollution can be adopted at the planning stages of the city. • New industries,as far as possible , should be established away from larger cities and the locational decision of large industries should be guided by regional planning.

  29. The other problems.....

  30. The Greenhouse Effect

  31. Global Warming

  32. Thinning of Upper OZone Layer

  33. Acid Rain

  34. Indoor Air Pollution

  35. So, What can YOU do to reduce Air Pollution?

  36. Ride your bike • Tell your friends and family about pollution • Ride the school bus

  37. Learn more; stay up to date • Join a group to stop pollution • Encourage your parents to carpool to work • Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc. when you leave the room

  38. We only have one world..... Do you want it like this?

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