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Anatomical Terminology

Anatomical Terminology. Anatomical Position. Viewed from the anterior surface with the palms facing forward. S up ine: describes the position of lying down, facing up . Prone: describes the position of lying down, facing down. . Anatomical Directions Front-Back.

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Anatomical Terminology

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  1. Anatomical Terminology

  2. Anatomical Position Viewed from the anterior surface with the palms facing forward. Supine: describes the position of lying down, facing up. Prone: describes the position of lying down, facing down.

  3. Anatomical DirectionsFront-Back Anterior: refers to the front of the body is often used to describe the relationship between structures, often with reference to the body. e.g. The lungs are found anterior to the heart. Ventral is often considered the same as Anterior Posterior: refers to the back of the body is often used to describe the relationship between structures, often with reference to the body. e.g. The stomach is posterior to the liver. Dorsal is often considered the same as Posterior

  4. Anatomical DirectionUp-Down Cranial: refers to the top of the head- or a structure being closer to the head. Cranial and superior mean virtually the same thing. e.g. the neck is cranial to the chest Caudal: refers to a structure being closer to the feet, or lower than another structure. Inferior is comparable to caudal, however refers to tail, more than feet; Inferior would be used to describe structures below the tail bone (coccyx)

  5. In the Middle • Medial- refers to a structure being closer to the middle sagittal plane (Median Plane- body’s longitudinal axis) than another structure. • Medial is toward the body’s longitudinal axis • Proximal: is similar to medial but only used in reference to a limb. Closer to the root of the limb. • Lateral- refers to a structure being farther away form the median plane (the middle Sagittal Plane) * Lateral Pass. • Distal: similar to lateral but only used in reference to a limb. Farther away form the root of a limb.

  6. Inside-Out Superficial: means relatively close to the body surface. Deep: means further away from the surface and infers “internal” Ipsilateral: means on the same side- of a reference point. Contralateral: means on the opposite side of a reference point.

  7. Major Regions of the Body Cephalic- head Cervical- neck Thoracic- chest Abdominal- abdomen Pelvic- pelvis(hips) Lumbar- lower back Gluteal- buttock (gluteus maximus) Pubic- anterior pelvis Axillary- armpit Brachial- arm Manual- hand Femoral- thigh

  8. Body Cavities • Dorsal Body Cavity includes… • Cranial cavity- encloses the brain • Spinal cavity- encloses the spinal cord • Ventral Body Cavity includes… • Thoracic cavity-within the chest wall • Pleural cavities (2) surround each lung • Pericardial cavity surrounds the heart • Abdominopelvic Cavity- within the abdomen and pelvic girdle

  9. Cavity Membranes • Body cavities are lined with serousal membranes. • Parietal portion of the serous membrane from the OUTER wall of the body cavity • Visceral portion covers surfaces of the internal organs where they protrude into the body cavity. • Consider a Peanut… • Shell is the body wall, fibrous membrane attached to the inside of the shell is the parietal membrane, the peanut itself is the body organ, the skin on the peanut would be like a visceral membrane. • Example: Peritoneum-lines the abdominopelvic or “peritoneal cavity” • Pericardium- covers the heart • Pleura- lines the pleural cavity that contains the lungs.

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