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Cell Division

Cell Division. Meiosis. Relationship Between Meiosis and Genetics. Meiosis results in egg (females) and sperm (males) cells. When egg and sperm combine a new human is formed. The egg carries the genes from mom and the sperm carries the genes from dad

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Cell Division

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  1. Cell Division Meiosis

  2. Relationship Between Meiosis and Genetics • Meiosis results in egg (females) and sperm (males) cells. • When egg and sperm combine a new human is formed. • The egg carries the genes from mom and the sperm carries the genes from dad • You are a combination of genes from your mom and your dad! • Your eye color, hair color etc. all depends on which egg cell and sperm cells combine!

  3. Let Us Review Mitosis • Cellular division involving replication and division of chromosomes (DNA). • New cell contains complete set of chromosomes. (Two copies of genetic info.) • Results in DIPLOID cells (chromosomes occur in pairs)

  4. Chromosomes after replication (ready for mitosis) Chromosomes in early interphase (actually chromatin) Homologous Pairs Diploid Cells Both are Diploid

  5. Diploid Cells cont. • All body cells are diploid. • Sex cells: egg and sperm are the only haploid cells

  6. Sex Cells • Germ Cells • Also know as Sex Cells • Only contain one copy of genetic information • Have one chromosome of each pair or half that of diploid cells. • Haploid (N) state.

  7. # of Chromosomes 23 23 18 18

  8. + Why is Haploid Important? • If diploid cells are fertilized… 2N + 2N  4N Chromosome will keep doubling!!

  9. + Why is Haploid Important? • If haploid cells are fertilized… N + N  2N Like all cells of the body!!

  10. + Sexual Reproduction • Reproductive process in which haploid sex cells (gametes) fuse to produce a diploid fertilized egg (zygote) EGG SPERM Fertilized Egg (ZYGOTE) GAMETES

  11. MEIOSIS • Cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in half • Occurs in sex cells (germ cells: Egg and Sperm) • Two Divisions • MEIOSIS I • MEIOSIS II Meiosis I Meiosis II

  12. Prophase I • Chromosomes form • Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear • Synapsis – homologous chromosomes pair up • Crossing Over – exchange of DNA creating genetic variability

  13. Metaphase I • Homologous chromosomes line up at the equator

  14. Anaphase I / Telophase I ANAPHASE I: • Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles • Cells are still diploid TELOPHASE I: • Cell membrane pinches in

  15. Interphase???? There is NO interphase between Meiosis I and Meiosis II

  16. Prophase II • Cells are haploid. • Cells get ready to divide again.

  17. Metaphase II • Chromosomes align at the equator • Looks like mitosis

  18. Anaphase II / Telophase II ANAPHASE II: • Sister chromatids move to opposite poles TELOPHASE II: • Cell membrane pinches in • Nuclear membrane reappears.

  19. Resulting Sex Cells • Four HAPLOID sex cells are produced.

  20. MEIOSIS

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