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Cell Division

Cell Division. Chapter 8 pg 144 -151. Most important part of cell…. The instructions, DNA Macromolecule – Nucleic Acid made of nucleotides – 4 different types DNA is organized into chromosomes Like wrapping christmas lights

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Cell Division

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  1. Cell Division Chapter 8 pg 144-151

  2. Most important part of cell… • The instructions, DNA • Macromolecule – Nucleic Acid made of nucleotides – 4 different types • DNA is organized into chromosomes • Like wrapping christmas lights • When they are copied they are held together by a centromere until they can be divided safely

  3. Chromosome Numbers • Some chromosomes determine the sex of an organism; sex chromosomes • Can carry other genes • Autosomes are non sex chromosomes • All organisms have a different number of chromosomes • Humans = 46 • Cat = 32 • Dog = 78 • Lettuce = 18

  4. Chromosome Numbers • Sexual vs Asexual reproduction: • Two or one parents • Two copies of everything or one • You get instructions on how to make your nose from Mom AND Dad – the SAME object but a different brand • Both give you a cell phone but one is an iphone and the other is a droid • These are called HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

  5. Karyotype – a picture of your chromosomes • Can detect disorders • Identify male or female • Diploid – having two sets of chromosomes 2n • Haploid – having one set 1n • Humans Diploid = 46 Haploid = 23 • 23 from MOM + 23 from DAD = 46 • More or less = bad

  6. Cell Division • Asexual Reproduction is called Binary Fission • Occurs in prokaryotic organisms • In eukaryotes, (us), there are two types of cell division • Mitosis – occurs for growth and repair • Meiosis – occurs for sexual reproduction

  7. Cell Cycle • 5 parts • G1 – growth • S – synthesis of DNA • G2 – growth and preparation • M – Cell Division • In Mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase • Cytokinesis – final division of the cell • G0 – cells just are; no division

  8. Mitosis • Prophase- nucleus dissolves, Spindle forms between centrioles, DNA forms into chromosomes • Metaphase- chromosomes line up in middle, centrioles make it to poles • Anaphase- chromatids separate and move, cell starts to pinch • Telophase- chromosomes reach poles, spindle dissolves, nucleus forms, • Cytokinesis- cytoplasm finally divides

  9. Vocabulary to include: • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase • G0 phase • G1 phase • S Phase • G2 Phase • M Phase • Binary Fission • Mitosis • Meiosis • Interphase • Cell Cycle • Cytokinesis • Additional Vocabulary: • Centrosomes • Centrioles • Spindle Fibers • Cleavage Furrow • Cell Plate • Chromosome • Sister Chromatids • Centromere • Chromatin • Autosome/Sex Chromosome • Haploid • Diploid • Homologous Chromosomes • Karyotype • 30 Words

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