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Ku Klux Klan

Ku Klux Klan. By: Garrett Evans and Tyler Ilgen. History. Three different Klans 1 st Klan was from 1865 to 1874 2 nd Klan was from 1915 to 1944 3 rd Klan was from 1950s to the 1960s Started after the Civil War

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Ku Klux Klan

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  1. Ku Klux Klan By: Garrett Evans and Tyler Ilgen

  2. History • Three different Klans • 1st Klan was from 1865 to 1874 • 2nd Klan was from 1915 to 1944 • 3rd Klan was from 1950s to the 1960s • Started after the Civil War • Named after the Greek word “kuklos” , which means circle. The name means “Circle of Brothers

  3. 1st Klan • Started in Pulaski, Tennessee, in May, 1866 • About 550,000 members • Most leaders were former members of the Confederate Army • No structure above a local level • Similar groups arose across the South, adopting the name and methods • Klan groups spread throughout the South as an insurgent movement during the Reconstruction era in the United States • Seen as vigilantes(heroes) throughout the South • Targeted free African Americans and their allies • They wanted to restore white supremacy

  4. 1st Klan continued • Their tactics usually included threats and violence, including murder, against blacks and white Republicans • In 1870 and 1871 the federal government passed the Force Acts, which were used to prosecute Klan crimes • Prosecution of Klan crimes and enforcement of the Force Acts suppressed Klan activity • In 1874 and later newly organized and openly active paramilitary organizations like the White League and the Red Shirts started a new round of violence • This violence was aimed to suppress blacks’ voting rights and running Republicans out of office

  5. 2nd Klan • Founded in 1915 and ended in 1944 • Founded and remained a small group in Georgia • Between 3 and 6 million members • Three main factors that helped result in the return of the Ku Klux Klan • The film The Birth of a Nation was released, mythologizing and glorifying the first Klan. • Leo Frank was lynched near Atlanta after the Georgia governor commuted his death sentence to life in prison. • The third was that a new Klan was actually created and that made more people want to join it. • It was a Fraternal Organization with a national and state structure

  6. 2nd Klan continued • The second Klan arose during the Nadir of American race relations which is the period of time at the end of the reconstruction era and the early 20th century when racism was said to be worse than any other time after the Civil War. • In 1921 in adopted a modern business system of recruiting members(which included a small initiation fee) and grew rapidly nationwide at a time of prosperity. • Its membership grew most rapidly in cities • Some local groups took part in attacks on private houses, and carried out other violent activities. These were usually in the South • Made up of 15% of the nations eligible population, approximately 4-5 million men • Internal divisions, criminal behavior by leaders, and external opposition brought about a collapse in membership, which had dropped to about 30,000 by 1930. It finally faded away in the 1940s

  7. 3rd Klan • The "Ku Klux Klan" name was used by many independent local groups opposing the Civil Rights Movement and desegregation, especially in the 1950s and 1960s • They often formed alliances with Southern police forces like Birmingham, Alabama • Also formed alliances with governor's offices, like with George Wallace of Alabama • Several members of KKK groups were convicted of murder in the deaths of civil rights workers and children in the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham • Researchers today estimate that there may be approximately 150 Klan chapters with upwards of 5,000 members nationwide • Today, a large majority of sources consider the Klan to be a "subversive or terrorist organization"

  8. 3rd Klan continued • In 1999, the city council of Charleston, North Carolina passed a resolution declaring the Klan to be a terrorist organization. • A similar effort was made in 2004 when a professor at the University of Louisville began a campaign to have the Klan declared a terrorist organization so it could be banned from campus. • In April 1997, FBI agents arrested four members of the True Knights of the Ku Klux Klan in Dallas for conspiracy to commit robbery and to blow up a natural gas processing plant

  9. Tactics and activities • They wore masks and robes to hide their identities and to add terror for their attacks that usually took place at night • Usually operated in small towns and rural areas where people mostly recognized peoples faces and could identify their attackers • By attacking secretly, masked, and by night they could attack people who were both low and high ranking in society • They sometimes claimed to be ghosts of Confederate soldiers to scare superstitious African Americans but it is said this tactic rarely worked • The Klan attacked black members of the Loyal Leagues and intimidated southern Republicans and Freedmen’s Bureau workers

  10. Bibliography • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan • http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkkk.htm

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