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Discuss with your group: 1. Compare and Contrast Weather and Climate 2. What causes wind?

Discuss with your group: 1. Compare and Contrast Weather and Climate 2. What causes wind?. Chapter 16 Global Climate Change. Statement: “It has been so hot this summer, must be that global warming”. Goals for Chapter 16. What is climate? What factors determine climate?

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Discuss with your group: 1. Compare and Contrast Weather and Climate 2. What causes wind?

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  1. Discuss with your group:1. Compare and Contrast Weather and Climate2. What causes wind?

  2. Chapter 16Global Climate Change

  3. Statement: “It has been so hot this summer, must be that global warming”

  4. Goals for Chapter 16 • What is climate? • What factors determine climate? • What causes seasonal changes? • What is the ozone layer and how is it being altered? • Describe how human actions are changing the make up of the Earth’s atmosphere and what are the potential consequence of that.

  5. Section: Climate and Seasons GOALS: • Explain the difference between weather and climate. • Identify four factors that determine climate. • Explain why different parts of the Earth have different climates. • Explain what causes seasons.

  6. Why is our climate the way it is?

  7. Weather State of the atmosphere at any one time in a region

  8. Climate Climate: is the long-term average weather conditions in an area

  9. 4 Factors that determine Climate • Latitude • Atmospheric Circulation (direction of the wind) • Ocean Circulation • Topography

  10. Climate Factors • Latitude: the distance north or south from the equator impacts a regions climate • What is 0o?

  11. Latitude

  12. Latitude Greenland at noon in the summer

  13. Latitude Dominican Republic Winter Sun

  14. Climate Factors 2) Atmospheric Circulation: the direction the wind comes from impacts climate • Which way generally does wind blow across the U.S.?

  15. Atmospheric Circulation Prevailing Winds: winds that blow predominantly in one direction • Westerlies • Trade Winds • Polar Easterlies

  16. Climate Factors 3) Ocean Circulation Patterns: Oceans carry heat from the equator or cool waters from the poles • Surface currents caused by winds

  17. Climate Factors 3) Ocean Circulation Patterns: Oceans carry heat from the equator or cool waters from the poles • Surface currents caused by winds

  18. Ocean Currents

  19. Ocean Currents

  20. Climate Factors 4) Topography: the shape of the land influences climate greatly • Mountains can impact temperature and precipitation patterns

  21. Topography: Where do you think it snows the most in the U.S.?

  22. Can it snow near the equator?

  23. Topography

  24. What causes seasonal changes?

  25. When do we get the most direct sunlight? Noon Sunlight

  26. When do we get the most indirect sunlight? Noon sunlight

  27. When is the daylight hours longest and the shortest? December 21st at 7 PM EST: WHY DOES IT LOOK LIKE THIS

  28. What time of year is this? How do you know?

  29. What 2 days of the year does it look like this: equal day and not all around the globe?

  30. Seasons Seasons: caused by the fact that Earth’s axis is tilted at 23.5o.

  31. Section Review • Explain the difference between weather and climate. • Identify four factors that determine climate. • Explain why different parts of the Earth have different climates. • Explain what causes seasons.

  32. Section : Global Warming GOALS: • Explain how the greenhouse effect works • Describe why carbon dioxide is important in the atmosphere, but why scientists find it troubling that levels are rising • Analyze what a warmer world might look like • DO NOT CONFUSE OZONE DEPLETION WITH GLOBAL WARMING!!!

  33. Has Earth’s Climate Always Been Like Today’s? • How is it possible that you can find shark teeth far from the ocean inland? • How is it possible that you find fossils of Palm Trees in parts of Canada? • Today, global average temp = 59oF

  34. Has Earth’s Climate Always Been Like Today’s? Over past 4.7 billion years climate has changed by • Volcanic eruptions • Changes in solar output • Continents moving • Meteorites • Natural variations in CO2 Some changes slow, some quickly

  35. Why does a greenhouse stay warm in the winter? Why does the inside of the car heat up quickly on a sunny day?

  36. Greenhouse Effect • Naturally occurring process in the atmosphere where gases trap in heat. • Like a blanket covering planet • Known about for over a century • Without it Earth would be COLD

  37. Greenhouse Gases • Major greenhouse gases include • Carbon Dioxide • Water Vapor • Methane • CFCs • All act to trap in heat

  38. Greenhouse Effect

  39. We know from the past that CO2 levels tied closely to temperature

  40. We know from the past that CO2 levels tied closely to temperature

  41. Measuring CO2Since 1958 in Mauna Loa Hawaii What does this data show? What trends does it show? Why does it go up and down each year?

  42. CO2 rates rising quickly 1764 --- 276 ppm 1995 --- 360 ppm 2010 --- 390 ppm Chemist Charles Keeling’s CO2 measurements Why measure here?

  43. Rising CO2 Levels • Most CO2 in atmosphere is coming from burning fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas • Never 390 ppm in last 420,000 years (possibly 20 million) • Continue to rise rapidly • WHAT DOES THAT MEAN FOR THE FUTURE?

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