Developed by: Jill Swanger for 2 nd graders

1. STARS Sizes, Brightness, Patterns Developed by: Jill Swanger for 2nd graders

2. Table of Contents (Star Wars theme song playing from CD in background) • Title Slide • Georgia Performance Standard • Definition of a Star • Elements of a Star (Pie Chart) • Physical Attributes (Flow Chart) • Brightness of a Star (Organization Table) • Sizes of a Star • Life Cycle of a Star • Patterns of a Star (Bar Graph) • Video Clip of the Sun • Conclusion • Glossary • References

3. Georgia Performance Standard 2nd Grade Science Standard Earth Science S2E1: Students will understand that stars have different sizes, brightness, and patterns. a. Describe the physical attributes of stars – sizes, brightness, and patterns. www.georgiastandards.org

4. What is a star? A gaseous sphere found in outer space. A star is held together by its own gravitation. It emits light through its source of nuclear energy.

5. Elements of a Star

6. Physical Attributes of Stars

7. What causes a star’s brightness? Hhhmmm! I wonder which 2 factors? Take a look at the table on the following slide. Determine what 2 main factors influence the brightness of a star (as seen from Earth)!

8. Brightness

9. Did you think about it? What are the 2 main factors? • Distance from the Earth • Luminosity (compared to the Sun)

10. Physical Attributes of Stars

11. Sizes Are all stars the same size?

12. Sizes…(continued) • What do you notice about all of these stars below?

13. Sizes…(continued) Tell me two types of sizes stars can have. Let’s put them on our physical attributes chart!

14. Physical Attributes of Stars

15. Life Cycle of Stars Sun-like Stars (1.5 X mass of sun) Red Giant Stellar Nursery Planetary Nebula Black Dwarf White Dwarf

16. Life Cycle of Stars…(continued)

17. Patterns • What patterns can stars create?

18. Constellations • Stars can form patterns in the sky known as constellations. • Who can tell me the name of a constellation? • This constellation is Orion (the hunter).

19. Orion

20. How many stars does it take to make a pattern?

21. The night sky • What constellations are in the sky right now? KidsAstronomy.com - Earth

22. Physical Attributes of Stars

23. What is the sun? • Did you know that the sun is a large star? • Check out this video on the sun! http://www.solarviews.com/raw/sun/sunb.mov

24. Conclusion • What are the 3 physical attributes of a star? • Tonight, look at the sky and write down what you see!

25. Glossary • attributes: characteristics • luminous: brightness

26. References • Arkansas/Oklahoma Astronomical Society. (2005). Retrieved July 23, 2005, from http://www.aoas.org/albums/astrophotos/gentry_night_sky_2.jpg • Constellations and Their Stars. (n.d.). Retrieved July 19, 2005, from http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/extra/constellations.html • Enchanted Learning. (1999-2005). Retrieved July 21, 2005, from http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/lifecycle/ • Georgia Department of Education. (2005). Retrieved July 18, 2005, from www.georgiaperformancestandards.org • Imaginova Corp. (2005). Retrieved July 20, 2005, from http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/brightest_stars_030715-2.html • Kid Astronomy. (1998-2004). Retrieved July 20, 2005, from http://www.kidsastronomy.com/astroskymap/constellations.htm

27. References…(continued) • NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. (n.d.). Retrieved July 20, 2005. from http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/961112a.html • Nikomi (2005). Retrieved July 21, 2005, from http://www.nikomi.net/english/astronomy/starsizes.htm • Solar Views. (1996-2003). Retrieved July 21, 2005,. From http://www.solarviews.com/raw/sun/sunb.mov • Yahoo, Inc. (2005). Retrieved July 18, 2005, from http://yahooligans.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry?id=44982