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ISLAM

ISLAM. An Introduction to Islam تقديم إلى إسلام. America and the Contemporary World: Middle East Unit 2007-08. Contents. The Basics Demographics History Practice Ethics Sects Women in Islam Mosques Islamic Art. The Basics. What does Islam mean?.

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ISLAM

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  1. ISLAM An Introduction to Islam تقديم إلى إسلام America and the Contemporary World: Middle East Unit 2007-08

  2. Contents • The Basics • Demographics • History • Practice • Ethics • Sects • Women in Islam • Mosques • Islamic Art

  3. The Basics

  4. What does Islam mean? • Arabic root word is SLM • SLM= Salaam = Peace ISLAM = “Willful Surrender” “Willful Submission” MUSLIM = “One who submits to Allah”

  5. The “6” Articles of Faith • Belief in the Onenessof Allah (God) • Belief in the Angels created by Allah (God) • Belief in the Revealed Books of Allah (God) • Belief in the Messengers & Prophets of Allah (God) • Belief in the Day of Judgment • Belief in Allah’s (God’s) Sovereignty (control) over Human Destiny & over all Affairs

  6. Islam “A Faith of Human Unity” • It calls all humankind regardless of their race and gender to unite in the worship of the One and Unique creator. • Islam considers all believers as brothers and sisters, and rejects discrimination on the basis of gender, color, race or ethnic background. • Humankind is one family, if one person suffers everyone should help alleviate that suffering

  7. Allah • Allah is the Arabic name for God used by Muslims of the world as well as Arab Christians. • “He is God, the One and Only;  God, the Eternal, Absolute;  He begets not, nor is He begotten; And there is none like unto Him.” (The Qur’an)

  8. Prophets and Scriptures • SOME PROPHETS:Adam, Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Ishaq, Jacob (Israel), Joseph, Benjamin, Moses, Aaron, David, Solomon, Zakareya, John, Jesus, Muhammad • DIVINE BOOKS:Torah, Zabur (Psalms), Injeel (Gospel), Qur’an • Belief in ALL prophets of God • Source of All Books is God • Main Message of all Prophets: Islam

  9. Muslims Believe Muhammad Is: • The Last Messenger & Last Prophet • The Seal Of The Prophets • The Universal Prophet

  10. Islam maintains the integrity of original language (Arabic) Muslims of all language backgrounds recite Islamic verses in Arabic Qur’an القرآنThe Holy Book “The Recitation” • Original message is intact, as given by the Prophet in Arabic • 23 Years of Revelations (610 - 632 C.E.) • 114 Chapters (Suras) • Each begins with the phrase: “In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful.” بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

  11. Sunnah and Hadith • Approvals, disapprovals of the Prophet • Compiled in separate books, known as Hadith books, after the death of the Prophet • Classified from authentic to false.

  12. Sharia & Fiqh • Sharia • "the path leading to the watering place" • Islamic Law • covers all aspects of life • politics, society, daily life • Fiqh • "jurisprudence" • the practical rules of the religion • what is required, forbidden, recommended, disapproved or merely permitted

  13. What Muslims believe about Jesus • Muslims respect , love and honor Jesus • Jesus is considered a great messenger/ prophet • Jesus was born from the ‘virgin’ Mary • Jesus is a ‘word’ from God • Jesus is mentioned in 25 places in the Qur’an with names of respect and honor • However, Muslims do not consider Jesus to be of divine nature

  14. What the Qur’an says about Jesus “We believe in Allah (God) and that which was revealed to us, and that which was revealed toAbraham, Ishmael,Isaac,Jacoband the tribes and that which wasgiven toMoses,Jesusand to the Prophets from theirLord; We make NO distinction between any of them, and to Him (God) we submit.” (Qur’an, 3:83)

  15. Becoming A Muslim Simply by saying with conviction… “La ilaha illa Allah, wa Muhammad Rasullah.” …one becomes a Muslim.  This saying means: “There is no true deity, but Allah (God), and Muhammad is the Messenger (Prophet) of Allah.”

  16. Demographics

  17. So, where are Muslims ?

  18. World Muslims • 1.7 billion Muslims worldwide (almost ¼ of the world’s population) • 57 countries with Muslims as a majority of the population, including 22 Arab countries. • Country with the largest Muslim population is Indonesia. • Only 18-25% of Muslims are Arabs

  19. Muslims in America • 2nd most common religion in America • One of the fastest growing religions in the USA • Estimated 7 to 8 million Muslims • Wide variety of ethnic backgrounds/national origins • Not all Muslims are Arabs…not all Arabs are Muslims

  20. History

  21. Prophet Muhammad • Descendant of Ishmael, the first son of Abraham. • Born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, 570 AD • Received first revelation at the age 40 through angel Gabriel. • Died in the year 632 AD, after preaching Islam for 23 years.

  22. Prophet Muhammad • Early years • Caravan experience = worldly knowledge • Marriage to Khadija • Message from Gabriel • Persecution in Mecca • Justice & a following in Yathrib (Medina) • Conquest of Mecca • Spread of faith

  23. Spread of Islam • Islam, in the tenth century, was the main religion -- or at least -- the religion of the majority of peoples in an area covering more than half of the civilized world. • Stretching over three continents from the Pyrenees and Siberia in West and North Europe to the farthest end of Asia, up to China and New Guinea in the East; from Morocco in North Africa to the southern tip of Africa, covering two-thirds of the African continent.

  24. Spread of Islam

  25. What Gandhi Said About Muhammad • “I wanted to know the best of one who holds today’s undisputed sway over the hearts of millions of mankind. I became convinced that it was not the sword that won a place for Islam in those days in the scheme of life. It was the rigid simplicity, the utter self-effacement of the Prophet, the scrupulous regard for his pledges, his intense devotion to his friends and his followers, his intrepidity, his fearlessness, his absolute trust in God and in his own mission. These and not the sword carried everything before them and surmounted every obstacle. When I closed the 2nd volume (of the Prophet’s biography), I was sorry there was not more for me to read of his great life.”Mahatma Gandhi

  26. Sayings Of Prophet Muhammad • The life & property of all people are considered sacred whether a person is Muslim or not. • No Supremacy: All people are equal. • “God has no mercy on one who has no mercy for others.” • “None of you truly believes until he wishes for his brother what he wishes for himself.” • “He who eats his fill while his neighbor goes without food is not a believer.” • “No Arab has any superiority over a non Arab, nor does a non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab. Nor does a white man have any superiority over a black man, or the black man any superiority over the white man.”

  27. For 500 to 1000 YearsMuslims Were The World Leaders in Science Chemistry Physics Biology Astronomy Anatomy Botany Poetry Mathematics Algebra Arabic Numbers Geometry Engineering Architecture Arts & Crafts Calligraphy Social Services Hospitals Medicine Law & Justice Human Rights Civil Rights Commerce Industry Education Universities Learning Knowledge Exploration Hygiene Ethics Etiquettes

  28. Practice

  29. Worship and Obedience • Prayers (Salah) • Charity (Zakat) • Fasting ( Ramadan) • Pilgrimage (Hajj) • Any act done according to Qur’an & Sunnah to please God

  30. The Five Pillars of Islam

  31. The Five Pillars Of Islam( Forms Of Worship ) • Declaration of Faith (Shahadah) • Prayers (Salah) • Charity (Zakat) • Fasting (Ramadan) • Pilgrimage (Hajj)

  32. Declaration of Faith (Shahadah) To say, believe and testify that… “La ilaha illa Allah” “There is no true deity, but Allah (God).” <Denial of other gods—affirmation of the one true God> لا إله إلا الله

  33. Prayers (Salah) • Five Daily Prayers from Dawn to Late Evening regulate a Muslim’s day: a dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset & night • Prayers involve ablution, standing, bowing, prostrating, sitting postures • Face Kabbah (in Mecca) a Mihrab • Prayers in Arabic. • Additional Prayers optional

  34. Mosque Place of Worship Masjid in Arabic 1st mosque in the world was the Kaabah-- built by Abraham on an order from God. Three holiest sites in Islam: 1) Masjid al-Haram in Mecca 2) Masjid al-Nabawi in Medina 3) Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem Friday prayer key day of weekly gathering

  35. The Call-to-Prayer (Al-adhan) • Muezzin • “Caller to Prayer” • Minaret • Tower (pictured)--part of Mosque • Recitation/Chant • Testament of faith & call to prayer

  36. 2 3 4 5 1 6 7 8 9 10

  37. Charity (Zakat) • Required 2.5% charity on yearly savings • A Muslim must be a charitable person • Removing a stone from the road is charity • Greeting with a smile is a charity • Redistribution of wealth helps societies & people • Muslims are usually motivated to donate even more as optional charity • God rewards charity givers very generously in this life and in the hereafter.

  38. Fasting (Ramadan-Siyam) • Ramadan is 9th month in Islamic Lunar calendar • Daily dawn to sunset fast for 30 days (no food or drink) • Eidul-Fitr Holiday at the end • This abstention includes food, drink and sexual relations. • Muslims believe the fasting person develops a greater understanding of the plight of those who go hungry every day.

  39. Hajj (Pilgrimage) • Pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah) once in life time for able Muslims • About 2-3 million Muslims perform Hajj each year from all over the world. • Eidul-Adha: the biggest Muslim Holiday

  40. Eid Prayer – Islamic Holiday

  41. Ethics

  42. Muslim Character & Ethics • Faith requires action • Excel in goodness • Enjoin what is right • Forbid what is wrong • Be educated, seek knowledge • Have integrity, be honest and sincere • Be modest, humble and pious • Be pure, clean, and sober • Be just, noble, and steadfast • Show forgiveness, be kind and generous • Be optimistic, thankful, and happy • Obey the 10 commandments • Trust God with all your heart, mind and soul

  43. Muslim Character & Ethics • Love for others what you love for yourself • Take care of orphans, widows & the needy • Defend the weak • Free the oppressed • Fulfill your trusts, commitments & promises • Be just • Mankind is One family • If one person suffers, everyone suffers • All life is sacred • All human rights should be protected • Love one another • Show moderation in everything

  44. Guidance from the Qur’an & Hadith • Food • Human Equality • Justice • Repel Evil with Goodness • Suicide and Jihad

  45. Food Forbidden: • Meat of animals found dead • Blood • Flesh of swine • Alcoholic beverages (such as beer and wine) and intoxicants • Meat on which name of God is not invoked at time of slaughtering or meat on which some one else’s name is invoked Permitted: food of the People of the Book

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