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Napoleon Bonaparte:

Napoleon Bonaparte: . Small man; BIG life . Born in Corsica Got a scholarship and studied in military schools Made Lieutenant in 1785 Educated himself in philosophy Studied great military leaders and their campaigns This helped him rise through the ranks quickly .

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Napoleon Bonaparte:

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  1. Napoleon Bonaparte:

  2. Small man; BIG life • Born in Corsica • Got a scholarship and studied in military schools • Made Lieutenant in 1785 • Educated himself in philosophy • Studied great military leaders and their campaigns • This helped him rise through the ranks quickly

  3. Gained confidence and respect of the soldiers in the Italian Campaign

  4. War with Britain • Decided to attack the British through Egypt and India (wanted their wealth) • British cut off his forces in Egypt by sea and Napoleon was forced to return to Paris defeated

  5. Rosetta Stone

  6. Napoleon takes power • Took part in a coup d’etat that overthrew the French gov’t • He became ruler and had absolute power

  7. Once in power…. • The Concordat – established peace with Catholic Church (makes it official religion, but allows freedom of religion) • Napoleonic Code  establishes codified civil law (still the basis for ours) • Outlawed trade unions and strikes

  8. How Napoleon protected the ideals of the Revolution… • Napoleonic Code  equality before law, religious toleration, no serfdom/feudalism, right to choose your job) • “Meritocracy” – ability instead of social status

  9. How Napoleon destroyed some of the ideals of the Revolution… • Became a despot • Shut down most of the countries newspapers (censorship) • Mail was often searched by gov’t police

  10. Military Conquests

  11. Throughout conquered territories, he spread ideals of the Revolution… • Legal equality • Religious tolerance • Economic freedom

  12. So why did he fail?? • Survival of Britain • Nationalism • Invaded Russia

  13. Survival of Britain • Britain was a sea power • Napoleon wanted to invade the island but couldn’t • Mercantilism (Britain stayed wealthy, France got poorer)

  14. Nationalism • A unique cultural identity of a people based on language, culture, history, and symbols • Napoleon fostered this in his troops; BUT… • In conquered territories people became nationalistic  hatred of the French, inspired by their nationalism

  15. 1812 • 600,000 men invade Russia • When Russians forces retreated they burned everything • French troops could not get access to food and water • When the arrive in Moscow, the city is set on fire

  16. “The Great Retreat” • Winter in Russia = COLD • Napoleon decides to retreat to Poland • No food and a harsh winter kill French soldiers faster than battle • Only 40,000 make it back to Poland

  17. Fall of an Empire • The crippled French military could no longer fight their enemies, and couldn’t stop nationalist uprisings in French controlled territory • Paris was captured in 1814

  18. Napoleon was exiled to Elba • BUT! Secretly escapes, gets back to Paris and back in power

  19. Immediately begins fighting again… • Napoleon loses his final battle in 1815  “The Battle of Waterloo” (Duke of Wellington defeats him)

  20. Napoleon is exiled again… • To St. Helena this time • Dies of “exposure to arsenic compounds” (lead poisoning  likely the wallpaper!)

  21. An emperor defeated

  22. Tomb of Napoleon – Les Invalides (Paris)

  23. Legacy of Napoleon • Centralized gov’t • The Concordat - Religious peace • Lycees = high schools! • Code Napoleon – still used in many places • Fair taxation practices

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