1 / 17

Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Bonaparte. Libertyville HS. Napoleon Seized Power. 1799: Napoleon was asked to join conspiracy to overthrow Directory Why was Napoleon asked? Very popular general Brought with the loyalty of the Army Coup successful; replaced Directory with Consulate

royce
Télécharger la présentation

Napoleon Bonaparte

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Napoleon Bonaparte Libertyville HS

  2. Napoleon Seized Power • 1799: Napoleon was asked to join conspiracy to overthrow Directory • Why was Napoleon asked? • Very popular general • Brought with the loyalty of the Army • Coup successful; replaced Directory with Consulate • 1801: Napoleon became “First Consul” for life (dictator)

  3. Reforms of “Consul Napoleon” • Improved schools • Made tax code more efficient • Built new roads • Established new law code • Code Napoleon • Introduced Enlightenment principles into legal system • Sold French lands in America to American government

  4. The Louisiana Purchase (1803) • Napoleon had plan to defeat British in Caribbean • BUT French troops sent to Haiti, were defeated • Napoleon realized he couldn’t defend US lands so he offered to sell to US for $0.03 per acre • No one knew how big it was!

  5. Emperor Napoleon • Crowned self emperor, in 1805 • Claimed to want to prevent Bourbon (royal family) from re-establishing monarchy • Hypocritical? • Napoleon went on to conquer most of Europe • Power hungry conqueror or enlightenment liberator? • In states he conquered, he set up constitutions, law codes, abolished feudalism, fostered education, etc.

  6. Emperor Napoleon • “I closed the gulf of anarchy and brought order out of chaos. I rewarded merit regardless of birth or wealth, wherever I found it. I abolished feudalism and restored equality to all regardless of religion and before the law. I fought the decrepit monarchies of the Old Regime because the alternative was the destruction of all this. I purified the Revolution.”

  7. Napoleonic Wars, 1805-12 • 1805: Coalition of Britain, Austria & Russia vs. France formed • Austria, Russia attacked from East • Battle of Austerlitz (1805) • Napoleon ordered invasion of England • Spanish, French fleet defeated by Brits at Trafalgar (1805)

  8. NW: Continental System • Attempt to create a Europe wide boycott of English goods, trade • Hurt English economy • Hurt European economy • Ultimately unsuccessful

  9. Napoleonic Wars • 1806-07: Another anti-French coalition formed: Prussia, Russia, England • French conquered Prussians, defeat Russians • France took over, ended HRE • Napoleon and Czar Alexander I • Decided to split up (Partition) Poland Partition of 1795; Napoleon took the “Prussia” and “Austria” parts in 1807

  10. NW: Peninsular War, 1808-1812 • Portugal wouldn’t take part in Continental System • Napoleon asked Spain to invade Portugal; they refused • Napoleon invaded Spain • Brits supported Spain, Portugal with money, weapons and troops • Guerrilla warfare • War tied down several hundred thousand French troops

  11. Napoleonic Wars: Invasion of Russia (1812-13) • Russia stopped taking part in Continental System AND started massing troops on French / Polish border • Napoleon invaded Russia w/ ½ million men • Russians retreated: “Scorched Earth” policy • French captured Moscow • “General Winter” • Losses • French lost over 90% of army • Russians lost about 300,000 troops and several 100,000 civilians

  12. Retreat and Abdication • Napoleon fought against rest of Europe, but outnumbered 5 to 1 • Gave unconditional surrender, 4/11/14 • French royalists restored Louis XVII to throne • Napoleon exiled to Elba

  13. “The Hundred Days” • Napoleon returned to France after hearing a rumor he was to be moved to different island • March on Paris: 5th regiment under Ney story • King Louis XVII fled, and Napoleon began raising a new army

  14. Battle of Waterloo (1815) • Separate English & Prussian armies were in Belgium • Napoleon attacked Prussians, pushing them back • Turned on British, who were led by Duke of Wellington • British ground down French until Prussians showed up

  15. Exile and Death • Napoleon exiled to St. Helena, a small island off coast of Africa • Died in 1821 • Legacy • One of the greatest military leaders, ever • Promoted growth of centralized European state • Spread enlightenment ideas throughout Europe • Stimulated nationalist movements throughout Europe

  16. Congress of Vienna • Meeting of all European countries to redraw map of Europe • Major powers of meeting: Austria, England, Russia & Prussia - & France! • Goals • Organize lasting peace • Contain, but don’t punish, France • Restore legit rulers

  17. Congress of Vienna • Significance of Congress • Avoided a major European war for 100 years • Represented a conservative reaction to French Revolution • Peace and stability were exchanged for liberty, civil rights of French Rev. • Good trade?

More Related