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The formation , Mining, and use of Minerals

Chapter 1 Section3. The formation , Mining, and use of Minerals. Environments of mineral formation. Evaporating salt water Limestone. Salt water dries up minerals such as gypsum and halite are left and they crystallize.

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The formation , Mining, and use of Minerals

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  1. Chapter 1 Section3 The formation , Mining, and use of Minerals

  2. Environments of mineral formation • Evaporating salt water • Limestone • Salt water dries up minerals such as gypsum and halite are left and they crystallize. • Surface water and ground water carry dissolved minerals which they crystallize EX. Calcite, dolomite

  3. Cont. • Hot-water Solutions Groundwater works its way downward and is heated by magma. It reacts with minerals to form a hot liquid which crystallize out of the hot fluid to form new minerals. EX.Gold, copper, sulfur, pyrite, and galena

  4. Cont • Metamorphic rock When changes in pressure, temperature, or chemical makeup alter a rock, metamorphism takes place. Minerals that form in metamorphic rock include calcite, garnet, graphite, hematite, magnetite, mica, and talc.

  5. Cont. • Pegmatites As magma movesupward, it can form teardrop-shaped bodies called pegmatites. The mineral crystals in pegmatites become extremely large,Ex. topaz and tourmaline,

  6. Cont • Plutons As magma rises upward through the crust, it sometimes stops moving before it reaches the surface and cools slowly, forming millions of mineral crystals. Eventually solidifi es to form a pluton. EX.Mica,feldspar, magnetite, and quartz

  7. Mining • Ore • A natural material whose concentration of economically valuable minerals is high enough for the material to be mined for profit

  8. Surface Mines • Open pit Mines • Quarrie • Used to remove large , near surface deposits • Mined downward layer by layer • Open pit mines used to mine building stone, crushed rock and gravel

  9. Subsurface Mining • Subsurface Mining • Passages dug into the earth to reach the ore

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