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Mutations

Mutations. Natural and Manmade. What are Mutations?. A mutation is a change in the structure of DNA of an organism. Mutations can occur randomly or may be deliberately caused by scientists in a laboratory. What are Mutations?. Mutations may be harmful or helpful.

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Mutations

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  1. Mutations Natural and Manmade

  2. What are Mutations? • A mutation is a change in the structure of DNA of an organism. • Mutations can occur randomly or may be deliberately caused by scientists in a laboratory.

  3. What are Mutations? • Mutations may be harmful or helpful. • Some mutations may improve an organisms chances of survival. • Most mutations are neutral. • Mutations may take place in body cells or reproductive cells. • Mutations in body cells cannot be passed to offspring. • Mutations in reproductive cells can be passed on to offspring.

  4. What Causes Mutations? • A mutagen may cause a mutation in genes or chromosomes. • Chemicals and UV radiation may be mutagens. • Some types of skin cancer and leukemia result from somatic mutations. • Sickle cell anemia, Down’s syndrome, and cystic fibrosis are examples of mutations that take place in reproductive cells.

  5. Types of Mutations • Mutations may take place in chromosomes or in genes. • They may result from copying errors, chemicals, viruses, etc. • They may be the result of a change in the structure of chromosomes or genes. • They may be the result of a loss or a gain of a part of the chromosome or gene. • Some types of mutations include: • Substitution mutations • Deletion mutations • Insertion mutations

  6. Types of Mutations • Substitution mutations are the result of one base replacing another. • Deletion mutations occur when one base is left out. • Insertion mutations occur when a base is added.

  7. Mutation Animation

  8. Natural Mutations

  9. These are not albinos; they have pigmented eyes.

  10. White Bengal Tiger

  11. ALBINOS • Little or no pigmentation in the eyes, skin, and hair (or in some cases in the eyes alone). • Inherited an altered copy of a gene that does not work correctly. • The altered gene does not allow the body to make the usual amounts of a pigment called "melanin". • True albinos have pink eyes and skin.

  12. White Bluebonnets

  13. Pink Bluebonnets

  14. HUMAN INTERVENTION

  15. SELECTIVE BREEDING The selection of certain seeds or animals for reproduction in order to influence the traits inherited by the next generation.

  16. SELECTIVE BREEDING • The Liger is the result of breeding a female Tiger to a male Lion. • The liger has both stripes and spots. The stripes are inherited from its tiger parent and the spots from the lion parent. • On their hind legs, ligers stand approximately 12 feet tall. At most, ligers may weigh up to 1,000 pounds.

  17. The Cama is the result of breeding a Llama to a Camel.Parents in background of picture.

  18. The Zebroid is the result ofbreedinga female Horse and a male Zebra. The Zedonk / Zonkey is the result of breeding a female Donkey and male Zebra.

  19. The Mule is the result of breeding a female horse(mare) to a male donkey (jack). Themule is superior to the horse in strength,endurance, intelligence and disease resistance.

  20. Maroon & Red Bluebonnets

  21. GENETIC ENGINEERING The selective, deliberate change of genes (genetic material) by man. The technique of removing, modifying or adding genes to a DNA molecule in order to change the information it contains.

  22. Bright face of genetically modified corn plant: pest-infected non-GM (left) and pest-free GM plant (right) planted side-by-side in a field trial. (photo: Dr. Yu Jialin, China Agricultural University)

  23. http://www.fluorescentpets.com/index.htm

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