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Feeding Value of Oats in Livestock Diets

Feeding Value of Oats in Livestock Diets. Dr. Greg Lardy. Outline. Introduction Comparison of oats to other feed grains Role of oats in livestock rations Opportunities for the future. United States Oat Production. USDA NASS, 2006. Top 5 Oat Producing States (2005).

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Feeding Value of Oats in Livestock Diets

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  1. Feeding Value of Oats in Livestock Diets Dr. Greg Lardy

  2. Outline • Introduction • Comparison of oats to other feed grains • Role of oats in livestock rations • Opportunities for the future

  3. United States Oat Production USDA NASS, 2006

  4. Top 5 Oat Producing States (2005) • Wisconsin (20.6 million acres) • North Dakota (19.8 million acres) • South Dakota (19.4 million acres) • Minnesota (18.4 million acres) • Iowa (16.8 million acres) USDA NASS, 2006

  5. Nutrient Content of Selected Feed Grains NRC, 1996

  6. Fast Oats Wheat Barley High Moisture Corn Steam-Flaked Corn Rolled Corn, Steam Flaked Milo Whole Shelled Corn Rolled Milo Slow Relative Rates of Ruminal Starch Fermentation Stock and Britton, 1986 Herrera-Saldana et al., 1990

  7. Oats as a Feed Grain • Where does oats fit in livestock rations? • What are the nutrients needed? • What are the attributes of oats which make it an attractive feed?

  8. Oats as a Feed Grain • Beef cattle • Can be used in a wide variety of applications • Growing and finishing • Forage supplement • Creep feeding • Dairy cattle • Can also be used in a wide variety of diets • Question: Cost effectiveness relative to other feed grains

  9. Oats as a Feed Grain • Processing • Little processing is needed in most cases • Cattle, especially younger animals, ruminate adequately to break oats into smaller particle sizes

  10. Effect of Oat Processing Method on Cattle Performance Zinn, 1993; J. Anim. Sci

  11. Oats as a Feed Grain • Anti-nutritional factors • None apparent

  12. Oats as a Feed Grain • Energy content • Lower than other cereal grains due to the presence of the hull • 24 to 30% of the kernel weight • Decreases with lower test weight due to greater hull proportion • Light Wt Oats under 30 lbs -- 66% TDN • Medium Wt 30 to 34 lbs -- 69% TDN • Heavy Oats 35 lbs and up -- 72% TDN

  13. Oats as a Feed Grain • Protein content • Greater than corn • Greater proportion of degradable protein (protein needed by the ruminal microorganisms) • Mineral content • Low in calcium, high in phosporus • Similar to other feed grains

  14. Oats as a Feed Grain • Equine market • Oats is very popular among horse owners • Bulky • Unlikely to cause digestive disturbances • Protein content higher relative to corn • Can be fed whole, rolled or crimped

  15. Oats as a Feed Grain • Equine market • Supplemental calcium, vitamin, and trace minerals are required • Growing horses • Supplemental protein and/or amino acids may also be needed depending on forage quality

  16. Oats as a Feed Grain • Hull-less or naked oats • Increased nutrient density (energy, protein, fat) relative to hulled oats • Successful feeding in ruminant diets requires careful feeding management • Specialty markets, esp. monogastrics, may see more widespread adoption • Energy density

  17. Summary • Oats is a useful livestock feed • Major use is in the equine market • Lower energy density (safer) and increased protein content • Use in cattle feeds is declining • Cost per unit of energy • Still a popular creep feed

  18. Questions??

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