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Organic Rankine Cycle

Organic Rankine Cycle. By John Yee. Introduction. Organic Rankine Cycle ( ORC) Same working principle as Rankine cycle Organic – pentane, propane, ammonia, and coolants Uses for ORC Low-grade heat waste recovery. Introduction.

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Organic Rankine Cycle

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  1. Organic Rankine Cycle By John Yee

  2. Introduction • Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) • Same working principle as Rankine cycle • Organic – pentane, propane, ammonia, and coolants • Uses for ORC • Low-grade heat waste recovery

  3. Introduction • Energy generation is conventionally done using Rankine cycle with steam • Water needs to be superheated to ~600C to prevent condensation during expansion. • Organic fluids • Evaporation at lower temperatures and pressures • Lower temperature of waste heat can be used

  4. Introduction • Energy generation from temperatures as low as 80C to 100C is possible • Carnot efficiency:

  5. Biomass Cogeneration Plant - Analysis • Utilizes wastes (wood shavings, barks, sawing, chips) of a big sawmill • Thermal and electrical energy • Thermal heat and hot water • Nearby schools and hospital

  6. Biomass Cogeneration Plant - Analysis

  7. Biomass Cogeneration Plant - Analysis • Case 1: Max energy production ~5MW • Electrical efficiency: 15.5% • Net electrical + useful thermal: 33% • Case 2: Max thermal load • Electrical efficiency: 9.5% • Net electrical + useful thermal: 71.8% • Similar systems have appeared in the lumber industry

  8. Trigeneration system with ORC • Trigeneration – combined cooling, heating, and energy generation • Heating: Condenser Q,out • Cooling: Single-effect absorption chiller • mixture of lithium-bromide (Li-Br) and water.

  9. Trigeneration system with ORC

  10. Trigeneration system with ORC

  11. Trigeneration system with ORC • ORC working fluid • Octane(C8H18): Boiling point 125C • Overall efficiency: ~76% • Electrical efficiency: 15% • Ratio Electrical:Cooling: ~4 • Ratio Electrical:Heating: ~0.2

  12. Low Temperature Geothermal • Geothermal heat sources vary in temperatures from 50 to 350C. • High-temp >220C are most suitable for commerical production of electricity with dry steam and flash steam systems. • <220C is most commonly available.

  13. Low Temperature Geothermal

  14. Low Temperature Geothermal

  15. Low Temperature Geothermal

  16. Internal Combustion Engine with ORC • Commercial cogeneration using natural gas

  17. Internal Combustion Engine with ORC

  18. Internal Combustion Engine with ORC

  19. Internal Combustion Engine with ORC • Few common working fluids with different characteristics modeled

  20. Internal Combustion Engine with ORC • Overall efficiency increase of ~5% • 41.8% -> 47.1%

  21. Low Temperature Solar with ORC Analysis • Low temperature thermal electric generation • Non-tracking concentrated solar collectors • 180-200C • Working fluid: HCFC-123 • Short half life

  22. Low Temperature Solar with ORC Analysis

  23. Low Temperature Solar with ORC Analysis • Irradiation: 750 W/m2

  24. Low Temperature Solar with ORC Analysis

  25. Bibliography • Al-Sulaiman, Fahad. “Performance comparison of three trigeneration systems using organic rankine cycles”. Energy, vol. 36, pgs. 5741-5754. June 2011. • Guo, Tao, Huaixin Wang and Shengjun Zhang. “Comparative analysis of natural and conventional working fluids for use in transcriticalRankinecycle using low-temperature geothermal source”. Int. J. Energy Res, vol. 35, pgs. 530–544. May 2010. • Pei, Gang, Jing Li, and JieJi. “Analysis of low temperature solar thermal electric generation using regenerative Organic RankineCycle”. Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 30, issues 8-9, pgs. 998-1004. June 2010. • Stoppato, Anna. “Energetic and economic investigation of the operation management of an Organic RankineCycle cogeneration plant”. Energy, vol. 41, n. 1, pgs. 3-9. May 2012. • Vaja, Iacopo, and AgostinoGambarotta. “Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) bottoming with Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs)”. Energy, vol. 35, pgs 1084-1093. July 2009.

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