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Forward Model

Instrument Model Gas Absorption coeff Solar Spectum Aerosol optical prop . Surface Properties. Measured spectrum & covariance y, S ε Observation Geometry Measurement Mode. Create a priori state Vector & covariance x a , S a. Forward Model. No. Calculated Spectrum f(x).

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Forward Model

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  1. Instrument Model Gas Absorption coeff Solar Spectum Aerosol optical prop. Surface Properties Measured spectrum & covariance y, Sε Observation Geometry Measurement Mode Create a priori state Vector & covariance xa, Sa Forward Model No Calculated Spectrum f(x) Compute pd K=f/x Convergence test |dx| < ε.|x| Compute Xco2=hTxco2 Error covariance matrix Averaging kernel matrix Yes Inverse Method Find dx that minimizes [y-f(x+dx)]T Sε-1[y-f(x+dx)] +[x+dx-xa]T Sa-1[x+dx-xa] (KT Sε-1 K + Sa-1) dx = [KT Sε-1 (y-f(x))+Sa-1(x-xa)] Output Results Update State Vector x = x + dx Perform Retrieval

  2. OCO Forward Model State Vector Pre-computed Aerosol Optical coefficients Mie Scattering Code SMART DISORT Pre-computed Gas Absorption coefficients Line-by-line Code (LBLABC) BRDF Solar Model Solar Linelist High-Resolution Radiance Spectrum Instrument Line Shape (ILS) Instrument Model Low-Resolution Radiance Spectrum

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