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Europe 1450 - 1600

Europe 1450 - 1600. The Renaissance and Reformation. What was it?. The Renaissance A rebirth of art and learning Lasts from approx. 1300 – 1600 People wanted the good old days Classical Greece and Rome By doing so they invented new artistic styles and schools of thought

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Europe 1450 - 1600

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  1. Europe 1450 - 1600

  2. The Renaissance and Reformation

  3. What was it? • The Renaissance • A rebirth of art and learning • Lasts from approx. 1300 – 1600 • People wanted the good old days • Classical Greece and Rome • By doing so they invented new artistic styles and schools of thought • Importance of the individual was key

  4. As Italian merchants’ profits increased and governments collected more taxes, funding for the visual and performing arts increased • Even for the “common man”

  5. Rich Merchants drive the Renaissance • The Medici of Florence • Became rich and powerful through banking not birth • They support the arts as a way to demonstrate wealth and power

  6. What did they believe in? • Humanism • Focused on human potential and achievement • Renewed interest in history, literature, and philosophy • Secular (worldly) • Living/thinking of this world rather than the afterlife. • Supporting the arts • Churches, merchants, and rich people put a lot of money into art.

  7. St. George Slays the Dragon

  8. A Revolution in Art • The Middle Ages: • Not realistic looking • Mostly religious • TWO (2) dimensional • The Renaissance: • Realistic style • Lots of Greek and Roman scenes • Use of perspective • 3 dimensional appearance

  9. Leonardo, the Artist:From hisNotebooks of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)

  10. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498& Geometry

  11. Refractory Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie Milan

  12. Renaissance Art in Northern Europe • Should not be considered an appendage to Italian art. • But, Italian influence was strong. • Painting in OIL, developed in Flanders, was widely adopted in Italy. • The differences between the two cultures: • Italy change was inspired by humanism with its emphasis on the revival of the values of classical antiquity. • No. Europe  change was driven by religious reform, the return to Christian values, and the revolt against the authority of the Church. • More princes & kings were patrons of artists.

  13. Van Eyck: The Crucifixion&The Last Judgment1420-1425

  14. Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife(Wedding Portrait)Jan Van Eyck1434

  15. Jan van Eyck - Giovanni Arnolfini & His Wife(details)

  16. Quentin Massys (1465-1530) • Belonged to the humanist circle in Antwerp that included Erasmus. • Influenced by da Vinci. • Thomas More called him “the renovator of the old art.” • The Ugly Dutchess, 1525-1530 

  17. HieronymusBoschThe Garden of Earthy Delights1500

  18. HieronymusBoschThe Garden of Earthy Delights(details)1500

  19. Bruegel’s, Niederlandisch Proverbs, 1559

  20. Bruegel’s, The Triumph of Death, 1562

  21. The Reformation

  22. Background • By the 1100’s the Catholic Church is the dominating religion in Europe • People begin to think that the church is corrupt.

  23. Causes of the Reformation • The printing press (Social) • Spreads humanist and secular ideas • Makes the church unhappy • Some rulers begin to challenge Church’s authority (Political) • Most people at the time obey the Pope rather than their local ruler • Merchants didn’t like paying taxes to the Catholic Church in Rome (Economic)

  24. Specific Problems With the Church • Catholic Church clergy (pope, bishops, priests, etc.) were: • Spending lots of $$ • Having kids • Drinking and gambling

  25. Martin Luther (1483 – 1546) • A monk/teacher in Wittenberg, Germany • In 1517 he decides to take action against clergy by selling indulgences to raise money • A pardon for sins • Some in the Catholic Church gave people the idea that this was a way to buy their place in heaven

  26. Luther hates the idea of indulgences • He writes 95 Theses attacking the practice and nails them to a church door on Oct 31, 1517 • Someone copied them and sent them to a printer • Kicks off the REFORMATION • Leads to churches that did not accept the Pope’s authority

  27. What was Luther’s Deal? • Luther realizes there are more problems with the Church than indulgences • His three big ideas for change: • You can only get to heaven through faith • NOT faith and good works • All church teachings should be based on the Bible • Not the word of the Pope • All people with faith were equal • No need for priests to interpret the Bible

  28. The Effects of Luther’s Ideas • In 1522 Luther gives up on reforming the Catholic Church so Luther and his followers start their own • Called Lutherans

  29. OTHER IMPORTANT CONCEPTS • Write and Identification for the following terms/concepts: • The Divine Right (of kings) • Mercantilism • Joint-stock companies • The Scientific Revolution • The Enlightenment

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