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Abolitionists

Abolitionists. Objective 2.06. Objective 2.06. Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over slavery and other social movements and issues. What is abolition?. The movement to end slavery. Abolitionists. William Lloyd Garrison Sarah and Angelina Grimke David Walker Frederick Douglas

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Abolitionists

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  1. Abolitionists Objective 2.06

  2. Objective 2.06 • Evaluate the role of religion in the debate over slavery and other social movements and issues.

  3. What is abolition? • The movement to end slavery

  4. Abolitionists • William Lloyd Garrison • Sarah and Angelina Grimke • David Walker • Frederick Douglas • Charles Grandison Finney

  5. William Lloyd Garrison • Radical white abolitionist • Religious reformer • Started The Liberator in 1831 – antislavery newspaper – demanded immediate emancipation

  6. W. Garrison (continued) • Founded New England Antislavery Society in 1832 • Next year, American Antislavery Society • Hated by many whites

  7. Emancipation • Freeing of slaves without payment to slaveholders

  8. David Walker • Free black man • Wrote Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World • Advised blacks to fight for freedom rather than wait for slave owners to end slavery.

  9. Frederick Douglass • Former slave (b. 1817) • Escaped to New York • Read The Liberator • Hired by Garrison to speak for American Anti-Slavery Society

  10. Frederick Douglass (continued) • Hoped that abolition could be achieved through political actions • Broke w/ Garrison in 1847 • Published his own abolitionist paper – The North Star

  11. “Right is of no Sex – Truth is of no Color – God is the father of us all, and we are all Brethren”

  12. Sarah and Angelina Grimke • Spoke out against slavery and gender inequality • Daughters of a SC planter • Exiled for their work

  13. Charles G. Finney • 2nd Great Awakening • Spoke against slavery as morally wrong

  14. Life Under Slavery • Roughly 2 million slaves in America by 1830

  15. Slavery • South’s “Peculiar Institution” • Slaves supplied about a 10 percent return on their cost • Heyday of British textiles gone by 1860, but South locked into Cotton

  16. Slavery • Middle class whites feared that freed slaves would compete with them for land • Pregnant slaves given less work and more food. Some new slave mothers rewarded with dresses and silver dollars. • Women expected to do “man’s work” • Celia’s Story

  17. Rural Slavery • By 1850, most slaves worked on large plantations

  18. Urban Slavery • In cities, some slaves worked in specialized industries • Douglass – city slave “almost a freeman” compared to a slave on the plantation

  19. Nat Turner’s Rebellion • Virginia slave – believed that he had been chosen to lead his people out of slavery (eclipse) • 1831 – his band attacked 4 plantations • Killed almost 60 whites • As many as 200 blacks killed in retaliation

  20. Reaction to Nat Turner’s Rebellion? • Virginia legislature debates emancipation • 1832 – loses by 73 – 58 vote • Fear of future slave revolts led to lack of education and privilege for slaves

  21. Slavery Defenses • Some proslavery advocates used the Bible to defend slavery • Passages counseling servants to “obey masters” • “Positive Good” – theory that blacks benefited from slavery • Better than life was in Africa?

  22. Slavery Defenses (continued) • Myth of the happy slave on a plantation compared to a northern wage slave

  23. Debate? • 1836 – gag rule – limited or prevented debate on an issue (slavery) • Repealed in 1844

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