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Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry. Writing Net Ionic Equations for Combustion Reactions. Organic Chemistry. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. The type of bonding in organic compounds is covalent with little polarity. Organic compounds are often nonpolar and therefore insoluble in water.

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry Writing Net Ionic Equations for Combustion Reactions

  2. Organic Chemistry • Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. • The type of bonding in organic compounds is covalent with little polarity. • Organic compounds are often nonpolar and therefore insoluble in water.

  3. Hydrocarbons • Hydrocarbons are compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon. • Saturated hydrocarbons consist of only single bonds. • Unsaturated hydrocarbons consist of at least one double or triple bond.

  4. Nomenclature

  5. Classifying Hydrocarbons • Hydrocarbons are classified into three major groups: • Alkanes • Alkenes • Alkynes

  6. Alkanes • Alkanes consist of only single bonds and are therefore saturated hydrocarbons. • The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2 • When naming alkanes, the suffix –ane is added to the appropriate prefix.

  7. Examples of alkanes • CH4 • C2H6 • C8H18

  8. Alkenes • Alkenes consist of at least one double bond and are therefore unsaturated hydrocarbons. • The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n • When naming alkenes, the suffix –ene is added to the appropriate prefix.

  9. Examples of Alkenes • C3H6 • C5H10 • C8H16

  10. Alkynes • Alkynes consist of at least one triple bond and are also examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons. • The general formula for alkynes is CnH2n-2 • When naming alkynes, the suffix –yne is added to the appropriate prefix.

  11. Examples of Alkynes • C4H6 • C7H12 • C8H14

  12. Other hydrocarbons • Many hydrocarbons form rings instead of chains. • One of the most important classes of these compounds is the aromatic hydrocarbons. • The simplest of the aromatics is benzene, C6H6.

  13. Isomerism • Isomerism occurs when two molecules have the same molecular formulas but different structural formulas. • In other words, the two molecules have the same atoms but different bonds. • For example, C4H10 can be a straight chain or a branched chain molecule. • Due to London Dispersion forces, the longer the straight chain, the higher the melting and boiling points.

  14. Reactions • Combustion reactions are the most common type of organic reaction. • Combustion reactions occur when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen, producing water and carbon dioxide. • CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O

  15. 10 Which of the following is an alkane? • C4H8 • C5H12 • C6H10 • C6H6

  16. 10 Which of the following is the formula for butene? • C4H6 • C4H8 • C4H10 • C4H12

  17. 10 Which of the following contains at least one triple bond? • C7H10 • C7H12 • C7H14 • C7H16

  18. 10 Which of the following indicates the hybridization of the carbon atoms in C2H2? • sp • sp2 • sp3 • sp3d • sp3d2

  19. 10 Which of the following does not contain pi bonding? • Propane • Propene • Propyne • All contain pi bonding

  20. 10 Which of the following will have the highest boiling point? • Octane • Hexane • Butane • Propane

  21. 10 Which of the substances listed below will exhibit hydrogen bonding? • Butane • Butene • Butyne • None of the above

  22. 10 Which of the following formulas represents benzene? • C4H8 • C6H12 • C2H4 • C6H6

  23. 10 Which of the following contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms? • Alkyne • Alcohol • Aldehyde • Carboxylic Acid

  24. 10 Which of the following formulas represents butanol? • CH3CH2CH2CH3 • CH3CH2COCH3 • CH3CH2CH2CHO • CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

  25. 10 Which of the following formulas represents butanone? • CH3CH2CH2CH3 • CH3CH2COCH3 • CH3CH2CH2CHO • CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

  26. 10 Which of the following represents butane? • CH3CH2CH2CH3 • CH3CH2COCH3 • CH3CH2CH2CHO • CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

  27. 10 Which of the following substances does not contain pi bonding? • Propanol • Propene • Propanal • Propanone • Propyne

  28. 10 Which of the following pairs of compounds are isomers of each other? • Pentane and pentene • Pentanol and pentyne • Pentanoic acid and pentane • Pentanal and pentanone

  29. 10 Which of the following substances listed below will exhibit hydrogen bonding? • Butane • Buntanone • Butanal • Butanoic acid • Methyl butanoate

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