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Chordates and Vertebrates The Agnatha – Jawless Fish

Phylum - Chordata. Chordates and Vertebrates The Agnatha – Jawless Fish. Homework. Read p 146- 147 1. How long ago did the first vertebrate fish appear in the oceans? 2. What are four basic characteristics of vertebrates?

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Chordates and Vertebrates The Agnatha – Jawless Fish

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  1. Phylum - Chordata Chordates and Vertebrates The Agnatha – Jawless Fish

  2. Homework Read p 146- 147 1. How long ago did the first vertebrate fish appear in the oceans? 2. What are four basic characteristics of vertebrates? 3. What are the most primitive type of fish living today? Give an example. 4. How do hagfish feed? 5. What Kingdom and class are bony fish grouped in?

  3. Phylum Chordata • 4 Distinguishing characteristics • Hollow, dorsal nerve cord • Pharyngeal gill slits • Stiffening notochord • Post anal tail • BODY ADVANCES • Dorsal Nerve Cord • Backbone or Notochord

  4. Chordate Characteristics

  5. The nerve cord is found on the ________ side of the organism • Ventral • Posterior • Dorsal • Anterior

  6. 3 Subphyla of Chordates • Urochordates – tunicates • Cephalochordates – lancelets • Vertebrates – fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

  7. Urochordates- Tunicates AKA “Sea Squirts” These are the ONLY sessile Chordates Filter feeders which pump and filter water to feed  tunicates have a larva that is free-swimming and exhibits all chordate characteristics : • a notochord, • a dorsal nerve cord, • pharyngeal slits, • post-anal tail. 

  8. Cephalochordates Lancelet They Possess -Dorsal Nerve cord -Notocord - pharyngeal slits or "gill slits“ BUT Cephalochordates lack features found in most or all true vertebrates: the brain is very small and poorly developed, sense organs are also poorly developed, and there are no true vertebrae Laterally compressed filter feeders.

  9. Subphylum Vertebrata • Members have all the major characteristics of the phylum plus… • have a vertebral column (backbone or spine) • made up of vertebra • protects nerve cord (spinal cord)

  10. Sea Squirts are • Benthic • Infauna • Sessile • Demersal

  11. 5 classes of Vertebrates: • Birds • Fish • Reptiles • Amphibians • Mammals

  12. Vertebrates are built for an active lifestyle • Bilateral symmetry • Endoskeleton – axial and appendicular • Extreme cephalization • Complex organ systems

  13. Organ systems are more complex because vertebrates are bigger, more active • Respiratory – gills or lungs • Circulatory – closed; 2,3 or 4 chambered heart (fish, reptiles, mammals respectively) • Digestive – accessory organs for digestion of more varied diets

  14. There are _____ classes of Vertebrates • 3 • 5 • 4 • 2

  15. 2 big vertebrate groups • Superclass Gnathostomata I • 3 classes of fish • Superclass Gnathostomata II • All the tetrapods • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals

  16. 3 fish classes • Agnatha – jawless fishes • Chondrichthyes – cartilaginous fishes • Osteichthyes – bony fishes

  17. Protochordate Overview

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