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The Social Robots Project

The Social Robots Project. Vikia: A Robot for Social Interaction. Different Approaches to Human-Robot Interaction. Non-anthropomorphic Easy to design, but hard to use Anthropomorphic Opposite problem Continuum exists between the two Where is it best to focus our efforts?.

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The Social Robots Project

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  1. The Social Robots Project Vikia: A Robot for Social Interaction

  2. Different Approaches to Human-Robot Interaction • Non-anthropomorphic Easy to design, but hard to use • Anthropomorphic Opposite problem • Continuum exists between the two • Where is it best to focus our efforts?

  3. Social Interaction • Focus on the abilities that people use to communicate with each other • Doesn’t require training for users • In service domains, social behavior is an important part of accomplishing the task well (e.g. caretaker, tour guide)

  4. Goals of Social Robot Project • Vikia - a robotic greeter / tour guide for Newell Simon Hall • With a personality • That can obey social conventions • Make interacting with robots easy and entertaining

  5. Expressiveness • Drama provides models for expressive behavior without the effort of “building a human” • Delsarte’s code of expressions • French dramatist in 1800s, create perception of emotion

  6. Interaction • Gesture, expression, gaze and other non-verbal cues are important • Must have reasonable responses to unexpected behavior • Must have predictable responses to normal behavior

  7. Related Work: Software Agents • REA (Justine Cassell) - multimodal communication • Oz project (Reilly, Bates) - interactive drama, character design • Virtual Theater project (Barbara Hayes-Roth) - improvisation, character design

  8. Related Work: Robots • Kismet (Cynthia Breazeal) - expression • Xavier (Yasushi Nakauchi) - personal space • Nursebot - natural language communication, social behavior

  9. Background Work: Robot Improv • Short plays improvised by two Nomad scouts • Goal-oriented behavior is dramatic behavior • Inner obstacles influence how goals are achieved • Robot-robot interaction for human audience

  10. Background Work: Xavier • Used concept of personal space to model how people stand in line • Experimentally determined size and shape of personal space for task • Used stereo vision to recognize lines of people and their orientation • Implemented behavior to enter and wait in line

  11. Vikia • Tracks people with laser range finder • Executes scripts based on perceptions • First experiment • Question: How willing will people be to engage in a short interaction with the robot ? • Task: Ask a poll question. • Baseline – no face, no speech recognition

  12. Experimental Results • Setting: busy hallway • 15 minute trial • 50 people passed • 6 stopped • 4 answered Vikia’s question

  13. Experimental Results • The majority of people in the hallway didn’t even look at the robot (CMU bias?) • Initiating interaction was more successful with a captive audience • People often played with the camera on the robot, answered questions in verbose manner • Timeouts, rich state transition model were important

  14. Next Steps • Integrating speech recognition, movement • Integrating vision-based people tracking (Adrian Hilti) • Behavior recognition

  15. Future Work • Emotional model • Plan-based approach to interaction • Learning of social conventions

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