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Large Animal Surgery

Large Animal Surgery. Equine Colic. December 2005 Amy Fayette. What is the definition of colic. An acute, painful condition in which the CS are referable to the abdominal cavity or its contents. What are some causes of non intestinal colic. Parturition-dystocia Uterine torsion

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Large Animal Surgery

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  1. Large Animal Surgery Equine Colic December 2005 Amy Fayette

  2. What is the definition of colic • An acute, painful condition in which the CS are referable to the abdominal cavity or its contents

  3. What are some causes of non intestinal colic • Parturition-dystocia • Uterine torsion • Urolithiasis • Broad ligament hematoma • Granulosa cell tumor

  4. How severe is the colic produced due to uterine torsion • Mild

  5. What finding is diagnostic for uterine torsion • Rectal palpation

  6. What are the tx options for uterine torsion • Rolling (under GA) • Standing flank on the side of the torsion

  7. What are the post op instructions if a standing flank laparotomy is required • 3 weeks stall rest • 3 weeks controlled exercise

  8. What is the tx for prepubic tendon rupture • Support until foaling • Induce parturition and assist delivery

  9. A foal being on its back is pathognomonic for ____ • Gastric ulcers

  10. Why are horses prone to getting colic • Very active peristalsos • Large intestine is so big that it must be folded • Fibrous nature of the contents • Different sized limens in large intestine • Singleness of blood supply- all from the cranial mesenteric artery • Management problems

  11. What management factors predispose a horse to getting colic • Feed • Water • Environment • Drugs • Parasites • Teeth • Recent change

  12. If an enterolith is not round what does this indicate • May be more…shape is due to them bumping into each other

  13. Where is sand colic usually found • Ventral colons and right dorsal

  14. How do you treat a severe case of sand colic • Empty surgically– difficult due to the great mass

  15. What two parasites most commonly cause colic signs • Larva of strongylus vulgaris • Ascarids

  16. What is the tx for ascarid impaction • Multiple enterotomy incisions to remove the ascarids

  17. What is the prognosis for ascarid impaction • Guarded

  18. What is the main cause of ascarid impaction • Deworming a foal w ivermectin or panacur and killing off a large amount of worms at one time

  19. What is your diagnosis • Thromboembolism due to stongylus vulgaris

  20. Intestinal volvulus is most commonly seen in __________ • Mare that just foaled

  21. What is the tx for the previous case • Resection and anastamosis

  22. What is your diagnosis • Pedunculated lipoma

  23. What is the signalment for lipomas • Older, overweight horses • Saddelbred, arabian, QH and ponies

  24. Is a pedunculated lipoma usually strangulated or nonstrangulated • Strangulated but not always

  25. What are the boundaries of the epiploic foramen • Portal vein • Caudal vena cava • Caudate liver lobe

  26. What part of the intestine is usually involved in epiploic foramen entrapment • Strangulated SI

  27. How do you treat epiploic foramen entrapment • Correct by traction on the bowel

  28. This mommy pony is in for treatment what should be done with her baby • Put on preventative ulcer meds

  29. Most colicy horses will have a met acidosis or met alkalosis • Acidosis

  30. What is your dx? What is your px? • DIC • Death is imminent

  31. What is the best prognostic indicator • HR

  32. What other things are good prognostic indicators • PCV (especially over 60) • Pain (uncontrollable) • Rectal abnormalities

  33. When is NG reflux normal • Never…occasionally a small amount may be seen if the tube is left in place for a long time

  34. Most commonly reflux is from the ____ • SI

  35. How can you get reflux form the large colon • If its so distended that it presses against the duodenum as it passes over the base of the cecum

  36. A foul smelling, fermented, bloody, copious reflux is indicative of • Anterior enteritis

  37. Reflux from the SI is • Alkaline

  38. Reflux from the stomach is • Acidic

  39. How long should tubes be left in place for • Only as long as needed..some animals develop irritation to the pharynx and larynx making swallowing difficult when feeding resumes

  40. Bermuda grass impaction is commonly seen in the ______ • Illeum

  41. What will a horse with this disease look like? What is the prognosis? • Will have preceding colic and then will suddenly look better • Terminal px

  42. This large volume of orange brown alkaline NG reflux was collected. What is your diagnosis • Anterior enteritis

  43. What are the other CS for anterior enteritis • Fever, pain controlled w banamine, high protein abdominocentesis

  44. How many bands does the left dorsal colon have • 1

  45. How many bands does the right dorsal colon have • 3

  46. How many bands does the left ventral colon have • 4

  47. How many bands does the right ventral colon have • 4

  48. A teat cannula is the preferred approach to abdominocentesis for which cases • Foals and distended colic cases

  49. How do you know if you hit a vessel when performing abdominocentesis or if there is blood in the abdomen • If you hit a blood vessel the PCV will be the same as the horse

  50. Normal abdominocentesis has a TP or _____ and a WBC count of _____ • TP<2.5g/dl • WBC< 10,000/mm3

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