Large Animal Surgery

1. Large Animal Surgery Shoeing/ laminitis Castration/ Cryptorchid

2. How often does a horses hoof need to be trimmed • Every 4-6 weeks

3. How fast does a horses hoof grow • 6 mm/ month

4. How long does it take for the hoof to grow from the coronet to the toe • 1 year

5. Where does the hoof grow from • Perioplic corium

6. The pastern angle in the front should be ____ degrees • 50

7. The pastern angle in the back should be ____ degrees • 55

8. What instrument is this • Hoof nippers

9. What instrument is this • Alligator clincher

10. What instrument is this • Clinch cutter

11. What instrument is this • Rasp

12. What instrument is this • Hoof knife

13. How do you remove horse shoes • Open nail clinches • Loosen the shoe at the bars • Pull the shoes off

14. What are horses without shoes called • Barefoot

15. Why do horses wear shoes • To protect their hoof especially for horses on pavement

16. Which is better: hot or cold shoeing • Its up to the preference of the farrier

17. Where should the nails be placed in the shoe • Cranial to the widest part of the hoof • In the white line

18. What does it mean if the nail is “quickened” • The nail goes through the sensitive lamina (bleeding around it)

19. What des it mean if the nail is “nail bound” • The end of the nail doesn’t come out of the hoof

20. What is the typical presentation of a horse with a nail that is nail bound • Usually the horse jerks around when being shod and is lame the next day

21. When should the tips of the nails be bent over • Immediately

22. What is a clinch bed • Use clinch cutters or a rasp to create a groove just below the nail tip for the end of the nail to be bent into

23. What are side bones • Calcified hoof cartilage • Common in older horses

24. How do you treat coffin bone fractures • Corrective shoeing to prevent the hoof mechanism

25. How is hoof mechanism prevented • Place some nails caudal to the widest part of the hoof • Use full bar shoes

26. What type of shoeing will help treat navicular disease • Shoe with elevated heals

27. What is a kimsey splint • Used for SDF, DDF and suspensory ligament rupture

28. What is the most common cause of lameness in the horse • Solar abscess

29. What are the CS of a solar abscess • Lameness • Thumping digital pulse • Draining tract at coronary band • Swelling

30. How do you diagnose solar abscesses • Hoof testers • Sterile probe in draining tract • Rads (fistulography)

31. What is the tx for solar abscesses • Establish drainage • Tetanus toxoid/antitoxin • Antiseptic solution • Bandage

32. What is the prognosis for a solar abscess in the sole • Good

33. What is the prognosis for a solar abscess in the bulb • Good

34. Solar abscesses in which areas require emergency surgery • Navicular bursa • Joint

35. How do you treat a solar abscess • Debridement • Shoe packed with a lot of gauze

36. What is this disease • Keratoma

37. What is a keratoma • Abnormal keratinization in response to chronic injury

38. What are the clinical signs of keratoma • Lameness • Fistulous tract at coronary band • Deviation at white line

39. What is the treatment for a keratoma • Resection

40. What is “gravel” • Sole abscess with drainage at the coronary band

41. What is the etiology of Gravel • Inflammation and infection follows the line of least resistance and drains at the coronary band

42. What are the clinical signs of Gravel • Lameness • Drainage at the coronary band

43. How do you diagnose Gravel • Hoof testers

44. How do treat Gravel • Resection of undermined hoof wall

45. What is this • Quittor

46. What is Quittor • Chronic purulent inflammation of the collateral cartilage

47. What is the etiology of Quittor • Subcoronary abscess • One leg bumping the other

48. What are the clinical signs of Quittor • Lameness • Localized pain over the cartilage • Chronic suppurative sinus tracts

49. How do you diagnose Quittor • Radiology

50. How do you treat Quittor • Surgical excision of the necrotic cartilage