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OPERA. A Little History. “Opera is a drama in which music is the indispensable factor”. Timetable - 1600. 83 years since Martin Luther nailed 95 theses to the wall of a church in Wittenburg, Germany. Shakespeare had written Romeo and Juliet and was completing Hamlet
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A Little History • “Opera is a drama in which music is the indispensable factor”.
Timetable - 1600 • 83 years since Martin Luther nailed 95 theses to the wall of a church in Wittenburg, Germany. • Shakespeare had written Romeo and Juliet and was completing Hamlet • The first permanent English colony in America, Jamestown, Virginia, would be settled in 7 years with the French establishing a colony in Quebec a year after Jamestown • So, Opera is fairly new
The Florentine Camerata • Florentine Camerata (1573-1590) • met at home of Count Giovanni Bardi • Vincenzo Galilei (father of the astronomer Galileo) • Jacopo Peri (composer) • Giulio Caccini (poet and singer-composer) • all were aristocratic humanists
Opera: some terms • Libretto • Recitative • Aria • Ensembles • Overture • Intermezzo • Chorus
Baroque Opera • Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) • Monteverdi: Orfeo (1607); L’incoronazione di Poppea (1642)
Baroque Opera • Henry Purcell (1659-1695) • Purcell: Dido and Aeneas (1689)
Henry Purcell • Henry Purcell (1659-1695) • born London, March 7 • died London, November 21
London at the time of Purcell • the Plague • Great Fire of London - 1666 • the Restoration
Classical Opera • Mozart: Don Giovanni, Act I, “Ah! del padre in periglio” • Mozart: The Magic Flute • Mozart
Wagner: der Ring des Nibelungen • Richard Wagner • 1813 - 1883
Romantic Opera • Verdi: Rigoletto, “La donna é mobile” • Rossini: The Barber of Seville, “Largo al factotum” • Rigoletto
Post-Romantic Opera • Puccini: Gianni Schicchi, “O mio babbino caro” • Leoncavallo: Pagliacci, “Prologue” • Tonio (Pagliacci)
Opera in the 20th Century • Berg: Wozzeck • Gershwin: Porgy and Bess • Poulenc: Dialogues des Carmelites
The List • 17th Century • Claudio Monteverdi • Jean-Baptiste Lully • 18th Century • Jean-Philippe Rameau • Ludwig van Beethoven • Christoph Willibald Gluck • George Frideric Handel • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
The List • 19th Century Italy • Ruggiero Leoncavallo • Pietro Mascagani • Giacomo Puccini • Gioachino Rossini • Giuseppe Verdi • 19th Century France • Hector Berlioz • Georges Bizet • Jacques Offenbach • Camille Saint-Saens
The List • 19th Century Germany • Ludwig van Beethoven • Johann Strauss • Richard Wagner • Carl Maria von Weber • 17th through 19th Century England • Henry Purcell • 17th through 19th century Russia and Central Europe • Alexander Borodin • Modest Mussorgsky • Peter Il’yich Tchaikovsky
The List • The 20th Century - all countries • Bela Bartok • Benjamin Britten • Claude Debussy • George Gershwin • Giacomo Puccini • Richard Strauss • Leonard Bernstein • Philip Glass