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The Classic Period

The Classic Period. Ch.6- M. Coe Teotihuacan Monte Alban Veracruz Maya Classic Splendor: Early Period ( Ch.4 Coe ). The Classic Period. Rise of civilizations- 150-900 AD Climate Lowlands- Long Count Calendar Cuicuilco Main Deities: Rain & Fire ( Tlaloc and Huehueteotl )

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The Classic Period

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  1. The Classic Period Ch.6- M. Coe Teotihuacan Monte Alban Veracruz Maya Classic Splendor: Early Period (Ch.4 Coe)

  2. The Classic Period • Rise of civilizations- 150-900AD • Climate • Lowlands- Long Count Calendar • Cuicuilco • Main Deities: • Rain & Fire (Tlalocand Huehueteotl) • Feathered Serpent: Quetzalcoatl • Teotihuacan • Neolithic period • Theocracy

  3. Teotihuacan • Introduction • “Place where men go to become Gods” • First planned city in Mesoamerica • Influenced many other civilizations throughout • Geographical location • Central location • Northeast of Mexico City • Population of 125,000+ • Ethnic center for Zapotec, Maya, etc.

  4. Teotihuacan • Architecture- palaces, temples, & apartments • Talud-tablero style • Residential compounds (165 by 200ft. Square) • Palace compounds • Xolalapan, Tetitla, Zacuala, Atetelco) • Quetzal-Butterfly palace • Murals • Tepantitla- Spider Woman

  5. Teotihuacan- Architecture • Temple of Quetzalcoatl • The Citadel • Avenue of the Dead • The Pyramid of the Sun • The Plaza of the Moon • The Pyramid of the Moon

  6. Teotihuacan- Religion/Pantheon • Spider Woman- creation & fertility • Sun God & Moon Goddess • Tlaloc- Rain God • Chalchiuhtlicue- Water Goddess • Xipe-Totec- “Our Lord the Flayed One” • Huehueteotl- “Old Man of Fire” • Quetzalcoatl- fertility symbol? • Most deities were connected with Maize & its well-being

  7. Socioeconomic System & Trade • Evidence of a market with many ethnic groups. • Crops: maize, beans, squash, chile peppers, cotton, and maguey- nopales (“tunas”), beans, pumkins, squash, avocados, amaranth. • “Roza” and “chinampas” systems • Game: deer, rabbit, turkeys, fish, dogs, wild ducks and geese. • Household items: • Metates, ceramic bowls • Spin wheels & needles/thread • Paper with maguey • Trading with other towns • Social stratification • Possible cause of decline

  8. Teotihuacan- Arts, Crafts, and Clothing • Elegant art style portrayed in frescoes, sculpture, pottery and masks. • Hallmark being the cylindrical pottery vase. • Weapons and obsidian artifacts • Control green obsidian deposits in Hidalgo. • Bone needles for clothing- and basketry • Men- loincloths/kilt with sandals • Women- huipilli and underskirt • Priests- elaborate costumes with exotic feathers, jade or seashell & jewelry.

  9. Art & Masks • Functions are unknown • Funerary purpose • Sympathetic magic • Stone, jade, obsidian and gold (later period) • Facial features indicate peace and wisdom (ideals?)

  10. Teotihuacan • Decline and Fall • 700AD • Invaders burned the city • Internal crisis • Political or economic problems • Continued habitation for 200 years- Coyotlatelco • Moved to Atzcapotzalco • Crisis impacted all classic civilizations during the 9th century A.D. • Climatic change? • Chichimeca invasion?

  11. Early Maya • Cacaxtla • Maya advanced knowledge • Tezcatlipoca- War God • Paintings are Maya • Knightly orders: Eagles & Jaguars • Xochicalco • Location: Morelos • 650-900AD • Population- 8-15,000 • Ball-Game courts • Great pyramid • Feathered Serpent Pyramid • Underground observatory • Decline & Fall

  12. Gulf Coast- Veracruz • Classic Veracruz • El Tajín • Remojadas • Monte Alban- Classic

  13. El Tajín • Most important site of the Classic period in Veracrúz. • Ball Game- 9-14 ball courts found • Cultural Influences • Diet & Economy • Origin of its name • Religion • Los Voladores • Decline/Fall- around 1250AD.

  14. Remojadas Culture • Location- Central Veracruz • Origin- 1300BC to 200BC • Diet & Religion • Clothing • Decline

  15. Zapotec- Monte Alban • Location & dates • Four Phases (500BC-900AD) • Diet & Social Organization • Religion-poytheistic • Cozobi- Corn God • Cocijo Rain • Copizja- Sun • Bezelao- Fertility • Calendar system • Decline

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