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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER

WATER HARDNESS. Water hardness is caused by divalent ions, especially Ca2 and Mg2 .The measure for water hardness is 1

JasminFlorian
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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER

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    1. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER water hardness pH PO43- NO2-, NO3- NH4+ Fe

    2. WATER HARDNESS Water hardness is caused by divalent ions, especially Ca2+ and Mg2+. The measure for water hardness is 1°d (=10mg CaO/L water). Classification: 0 – 4 °d …. very soft water 4 – 8 °d …. soft water 8 – 12 °d …. medium soft water 12 – 18 °d …. pretty hard water 18 – 30 °d …. hard water over 30 °d …. very hard water

    4. Our results

    5. pH pH is criteria of acidness and baseness of water. pH = -log [H30+] [H30+] > 10-7 => pH < 7 (acid) [H30+] = 10-7 => pH = 7 (neutral) [H30+] < 10-7 => pH > 7 (base)

    7. Our results

    8. PO43- Natural unpolluted water contains less than 0,1 mg/L of all the PO4 (higher concentrations are caused by human pollution). Sources of pollution: phosphoric manures washing and detergents phosphating (transformation of metal surfaces into phosphates as a protection from rusting)

    10. Our results

    11. NO2-, NO3- Nitrates (NO3-) are the major polluters of ground water and also of many fluent and influent waters. Sources of pollution: artificial manures intensive stockbreeding poor infrastructure (sewage) The functioning key of nitrates is transformation into nitrites (NO2-).

    13. Our results

    14. NH4+ The presence of ammonium in water shows that the water was in contact with rotting organic materials, fecals..

    15. Our results

    16. Fe Iron is often presented in water. It represents over 5% of Earth bark and by water absorbing it, iron comes in the water. It causes a lot of troubles rusted stains on clothes (washed in washing machine) iron coating on pipes

    18. Our results

    19. WATER IN SLOVENIA To conclude: all pH values of drinking water are according to EC rules all PO43- values meet EC rules NO2- and NO3- ground water that contains over 25 mg NO3- /L water of Drava field water of Ptuj field water of Spodnja Savinjska valley water of Prekmurje field Only both sources and school tap pipe water are according to NH4+ value all Fe values meet EC rules

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