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3D tree visualizations. Pseudo 2D tree visualizations. Constituent ... John found the letter and Bill signed the letter. I gave a book to Mary and gave a letter to Sue. I gave a ...

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  1. CMC/CC AInformation Visualization Master IK, CIW, MMI L.M. Bosveld-de Smet Mon. 20/11/06; 16.00-18.00

  2. Information visualizationfor the general public • IV is moving out of research laboratories • IV is reaching users • Examples: • http://www.peets.com • http://www3.cancer.gov/atlasplus • http://www.sytadin.tm.fr

  3. Information Visualization Tools • IV is still a novelty for many users • Potential and limitations • Reports of usability studies and controlled experiments • Faster task completion • Reduced error rates • Measurable benefits • Current evaluation practices

  4. Current evaluation practicesPlaisant (2004) • Controlled experiments comparing design elements • Usability evaluation of a tool • Controlled experiments comparing two or more tools • Case studies of tools in realistic settings

  5. Three tree visualization tools • SpaceTree • Hyperbolic • Window Explorer • http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/members/cplaisant/ • http://www3.sympatico.ca/blevis/thesis49prev.html

  6. Challenges • Matching tools with users, tasks and real problems • Improving user testing • Addressing universal usability

  7. Users, tasks and real problemsControlled experiment • Users: linguists with more or less knowledge of a specific domain • Task domain: linguistics, esp. syntax • Real problems: • Are users able to identify constituents, dominance relations? • Do users see that constituents are coordinated, are in comparable positions? • Research question: Which visualizations are suitable for representing “3D natural language phenomena”? • 2D tree visualizations • 3D tree visualizations • Pseudo 2D tree visualizations

  8. Constituent • In syntactic analysis, a constituent is a word or a group of words that functions as a single unit within a hierarchical structure. • A constituent is a string of words such that there is one node that dominates those words and no other words. • Sam climbed up the ladder.  • Sam picked up the ladder. 

  9. Coordination and movement tests • Applying the coordination test  • Sam climbed [up the ladder] and [out the window]. • *Sam picked [up a ladder] and [out some new boots]. • Applying the movement test • [Up the ladder] Sam climbed. • *[Up a ladder] Sam picked.

  10. Coordination • Coordination involves the syntactic linking of two or more elements of equal status: • [John] and [Mary] • [up] and [down] • David [sings] and [plays guitar]

  11. Coordination and conjunction reduction • John found the letter and Bill signed the letter. • John found the letter and Bill signed the letter. • I gave a book to Mary and gave a letter to Sue. • I gave a book to Mary and gave a letter to Sue.

  12. Right Node Raising • SYNTAX: operation of reduction on coordinated clauses whose rightmost constituents are identical. • EXAMPLE: Right Node Raising derives the structure in b from the underlying structure in a by adjoining one copy of the identical constituents (the book) to the right of the sentence, and deleting the identical originals (indicated by e). • a [[John saw the book] and [Bill bought the book]] • b [[John saw ei ] and [Bill bought ei ]] the booki

  13. The 3D phenomena in Dutch • Coordination • De directeur bevordert Jansen of de Boer of de Vries. • Zowel de zusjes Jansen als Joop en Klaas spijbelden. • Right Node Raising • Joop haat, Piet bewondert, en Klaas verafgoodt partijleider Bos. • Ik constateer dat Jansen een boek, Vos een CD en de Boer een plant koopt. • Non-constituent Right Node Raising • Joop wil voor, maar Piet na het ontbijt douchen. • Jansen heeft drie en de Boer heeft vier doelpunten gemaakt.

  14. The visualization types • 2D tree • 2D tree + meaningful color • 3D tree • 3D tree + meaningful color • Pseudo 3D: D-plane

  15. Syntactic analysismain clause

  16. Syntactic analysissubordinate clause

  17. Syntactic analysiscoordination • Voor nevenschikking maken we gebruik van een zogenaamde coördinatorgroep (CoP). In een haakjesstructuur:[CoP XP1 [Co' Co XP2]] • bv. Jan en Piet. Hierin is XP1 nevengeschikt aan XP2.(Voor de duidelijkheid: XP1 is Jan, Co is en, XP2 is Piet.)

  18. 2D tree

  19. 2D+ tree

  20. 3D tree

  21. 3D+ tree

  22. 2D plane

  23. Visualization assignmentBeyond tree structures • What are other possible (non tree) visualizations for “3D natural language phenomena”?

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