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Plant Pathology and Weed Science Research Relevant to Indiana’s Seed Industry

Plant Pathology and Weed Science Research Relevant to Indiana’s Seed Industry. Greg Shaner Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University. Seed industry issues. Many disease and weed control issues are the same for farmers as for seed producers Higher value of seed crops

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Plant Pathology and Weed Science Research Relevant to Indiana’s Seed Industry

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  1. Plant Pathology and Weed ScienceResearch Relevant to Indiana’s Seed Industry Greg Shaner Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University Title

  2. Seed industry issues • Many disease and weed control issues are the same for farmers as for seed producers • Higher value of seed crops • Loss of yield or quality may have greater consequences • Management options not economical for commodity producers may be economical for seed producers Title

  3. Seed-related research • Much of the research in Botany and Plant Pathology is relevant to the seed industry • This summary will focus on programs that have a more direct bearing on production of seed • Plant pathology • Scott Abney, Larry Dunkle, Steve Goodwin, Guri Johal, Greg Shaner, Andreas Westphal • Weed Science • Bill Johnson, Tom Bauman, Kevin Gibson Title

  4. Soybean sudden death syndrome • Developed a method for evaluating root necrosis in the greenhouse (Westphal) • Looking at combined effects of SCN and Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines on SDS (Westphal) • Some evidence of soil suppressiveness of F. solani f. sp. glycines after 3 yr of continuous soybean (Westphal) • Field evaluation of resistance to SDS (Abney) • 10 yr ago, 90% of varieties were very susceptible • Now, about half have some resistance • Most highly susceptible varieties have been eliminated Title

  5. Phytophthora rot • Combining Rps1c or Rps1k with Rps3a or Rps8 (Abney) • Evaluating some field isolates of Phytophthora sojae that overcome Rps8 (Abney) Title

  6. Frogeye leaf spot • Survey of isolates from throughout Indiana (Abney) • None of these isolates overcomes Rcs3 • Foliar fungicide trials (Shaner) • Several treatments suppressed frogeye leaf spot Title

  7. Soybean rust • Extensive extension programs (Shaner and many others) • Section 18 registrations of fungicides • Foliar fungicide trials • Evaluation of numerous products (Shaner) • Farm-scale fungicide trials (Conley and Shaner) • Sentinel plots • Up-to-date advisories on USDA web site, and toll-free phone line Title

  8. Gray leaf spot of corn • Genetic variability in Cercospora zeae-maydis (Dunkle) • Two distinct populations • Resistance in corn expressed equally toward both • A phytotoxin (cercosporin) is required for full development of lesions Title

  9. Northern corn leaf blight • Limited surveys indicate that races 0 and 1 predominate in Indiana • Production of spores by Exserohilim turcicum involves a blue-light receptor (cryptochrome) Title

  10. Northern corn leaf spot (Johal) • Basic studies on pathogenesis in Bipolaris zeicola and host resistance in corn • Lesion mimics • 50 are known • Deciphering molecular basis may shed light on nature of disease resistance in corn Title

  11. Dwarfing gene in corn (Johal) • Brachytic2 (br2) • Gene reduces length of lower internodes • Cells are smaller, but more numerous (2-3x) • This adds greatly to stalk strength Title

  12. Fungicides on seed corn (Shaner) • Several effective products • Initial treatment must be early in disease development • Benefit depends on susceptibility of inbred and environment Title

  13. Leaf blotch of wheat • Several genes for resistance to Septoria tritici have been mapped (Goodwin) • Stb1, Stb2, Stb4, Stb8 • Most mapping is with microsatellites • These are easy to work with--may lead to wider use in commercial breeding programs • Helping to develop molecular markers for a linkage block that includes resistance to Stagonospora blotch, head blight, and stem rust (Goodwin) • Evaluation of fungicides for efficacy against leaf blotch (Shaner) Title

  14. Fusarium head blight • Development of weather-based risk model • Can be used to make decisions about fungicide use • Evaluation of fungicides and application timing for control • Discovery and characterization of new sources of resistance Title

  15. Herbicide tolerance • Popcorn (Bauman) • Field corn (Bauman) • Soybean (Johnson and Bauman) • Includes studies of interactions of herbicides with fungicides and insecticides Title

  16. Weed management (Johnson) • Optimization and sustainability of weed management systems to reduce glyphosate-resistant weed problems • Resistant weeds pose a serious threat to continued success of Roundup Ready technology • Goal is to preserve efficacy of glyphosate resistance trait in soybean • Re-evaluation of weed interference in corn grown with lower nitrogen rates • Weed management systems in Roundup Ready, Bt corn • Optimization required to offset higher seed costs Title

  17. Vegetable weed management (Gibson) • Has use of glyphosate reduced weed seedbank numbers? • If so, this may lead to improved, cheaper weed management in vegetables that are rotated with field crops Title

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