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World Cultures

World Cultures. The 5 Major Religions Vocabulary. Hebrews. people who once lived in Mesopotamia and migrated in 2000 B.C. to Cannan. They developed Judaism (monotheistic religion) 1000 BC they established Kingdom of Israel. Recorded events and laws like…?. Torah.

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World Cultures

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  1. World Cultures The 5 Major Religions Vocabulary

  2. Hebrews • people who once lived in Mesopotamia and migrated in 2000 B.C. to Cannan. • They developed Judaism (monotheistic religion) • 1000 BC they established Kingdom of Israel. • Recorded events and laws like…?

  3. Torah • holy book of Jews/Hebrews where events and laws were recorded. 1stfive books of the Bible. • What are the first five books? • Genesis • Exodus • Leviticus • Numbers • Deuteronomy

  4. monotheistic • belief in one god • What are the three monotheistic religions? * Judaism * Christianity * Islam

  5. Diaspora • Scattering of people • Sent Jews to different parts of the world

  6. Aryans • Indo-European people who migrated across Europe and Asia and moved into NW India - made tools of iron and built walled cities; divided people into classes by occupation • 1) Priest 2) Warriors 3) Herders, farmers, artisans, and merchant

  7. Vedas • Collection of prayers, hymns, and other religious teachings • Aryan Priests memorized the Vedas • Main holy book of Hindus

  8. polytheistic • belief in many gods • Which of the 5 major world religions is polytheistic? * Hinduism

  9. Brahman • An all powerful single force that the Hindus believe in • It is believed that it resides in all living things

  10. Hinduism • Has no single founder and no single sacred text • Believe everything is part of the unchanging, all powerful spiritual force called Brahman • It originated in India

  11. Reincarnation • rebirth of the soul in another bodily form

  12. Siddhartha Guatama • “The Buddha; The Enlightened One;” founder of Buddhism • was originally a Hindu prince. Taught that desires are the causes of suffering - to eliminate suffering you should eliminate desires

  13. Nirvana • final goal of a Buddhist; union with the universe, release from cycle of rebirth (reincarnation)

  14. Christianity • Arose in Roman-held lands in the Middle East. • Founder = Jesus (also considered messiah, the savior sent to lead Jews to freedom); his teachings were created in Judaism • 1 God/10 Commandments (laws Jews believed God had given them)

  15. Messiah • savior sent to lead Jews to freedom

  16. Roman Catholic Church • original, 1st Christian Church: 1200’s - peak of power • Became wealthiest and most powerful worldly force in Europe

  17. Holy Roman Emperor • single ruler who united separate kingdoms in Roman Empire; was crowned by the Pope.

  18. crusades • when Christian knights from Europe as well as armies of ordinary men and women left for the holy land to fight the Muslims “Holy Wars”

  19. Byzantine Empire • Influenced Eastern Europe and Russia • Christians in eastern part of what was the Roman Empire (East Mediterranean)

  20. Muhammad • Prophet of Islam • What is a prophet? * Messenger of God • What God? * Allah • born in Mecca in 570; At the age of 40, he had a vision; he was called the messenger of God

  21. Five Pillars of Islam 1. Faith (in 1 God) 2. Prayer (5 times a day facing the Mecca) 3. Alms (charity for poor) 4. Fasting (Ramadan) 5. Hajj (Pilgrimage to the Mecca)

  22. Quran • Muslim holy book; contains sacred word of God and is the final authority on all matters

  23. caliph • successor to Muhammad • Abu Bakr elected 1st caliph

  24. mosque • Muslim house of worship

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