Final Regents Review: The Middle Ages

1. Final Regents Review: The Middle Ages By: Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY

2. Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

3. Europe in the 6c

4. The Medieval Catholic Church • filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. • monasticism: • St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. • provided schools for the children of the upper class. • inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. • libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. • monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

5. The Power of the Medieval Church • bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. • the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. • tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat. • curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition • tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. • Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

6. A Medieval Monk’s Day

7. A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

8. Illuminated Manuscripts

9. Romanesque Architectural Style • Rounded Arches. • Barrel vaults. • Thick walls. • Darker, simplistic interiors. • Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

10. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

11. Charlemagne’s Empire

12. Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

13. The Carolingian Renaissance

14. Carolingian Miniscule

15. The Rise of European Monarchies: England

16. Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Treaty of Verdun, 843

17. Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

18. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

19. Parts of a Medieval Castle

20. The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE

21. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

22. The Medieval Manor

23. Life on the Medieval Manor Serfs at work

24. The "Renaissance" of the 12c

25. William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066(Bayeaux Tapestry)

26. Evolution of England’s Political System • Henry I: • William’s son. • set up a court system. • Exchequer dept. of royal finances. • Henry II: • established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. • grand jury. • trial by jury.

27. Evolution of England’s Political System • Henry I: • William’s son. • set up a court system. • Exchequer dept. of royal finances. • Henry II: • established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. • grand jury. • trial by jury.

28. Magna Carta, 1215 • King John I • Runnymeade • “Great Charter” • monarchs were not above the law. • kings had to consult a council of advisors. • kings could not tax arbitrarily.

29. The Beginnings of the British Parliament • Great Council: • middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. • eventually called Parliament. • by 1400, two chambers evolved: • House of Lords  nobles & clergy. • House of Commons  knights and burgesses.

30. The Rise of European Monarchies: France

31. Gothic Architectural Style • Pointed arches. • High, narrow vaults. • Thinner walls. • Flying buttresses. • Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors. • Stained-glass windows. “Flying” Buttresses

32. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

33. Setting Out on Crusade

34. Christian Crusades: East and West

35. Medieval Universities

36. Oxford University

37. Late Medieval Town Dwellings

38. Medieval Trade

39. Medieval Guilds Guild Hall • Commercial Monopoly: • Controlled membershipapprentice journeyman  master craftsman • Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece]. • Controlled prices

40. Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

41. Crest of a Cooper’s Guild