Middle Ages Review

1. Middle Ages Review Mrs.Mariconi Chapter 1

2. Agenda for 9/8 • Finish going over rules/regs • Book situation • Student info sheet • Write down AIM in notebook • Vocab page 27 and 29 #1 and 2 on those pages in your notebook! • Start notes if there is time remaining

3. Aim: • How did the Middle Ages start? Why were they called the Dark Ages?

4. Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

5. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

6. Europe in the 6c.

7. Charlemagne’s Empire

8. Charlemagne • during 400 and 700 Europe was divided by invaders and into small kingdoms • 800 Charlemagne was first to provide unity • He revived learning and art, provided safety and strengthened the RC Church • He died in 814, and empire crumbled and new invaders conquered Europe causing the Dark Ages and led to feudalism

9. Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

10. Heart of medieval life, it was one or more villages. Lands were planted and harvested by serfs.

11. Commercial Monopoly: Controlled membershipapprentice journeyman  master craftsman Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece]. Controlled prices Medieval Guilds

12. Evolution of England’s Political System • Henry I: • William’s son. • set up a court system. • Exchequer dept. of royal finances. • Henry II: • established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. • grand jury. • trial by jury.

13. King John I “Great Charter” monarchs were not above the law. kings had to consult a council ofadvisors. kings could not tax arbitrarily. Magna Carta, 1215

14. Crusades • Holy war called for by the Popes, started in 1050s when the Byzantine empire was attacked • Muslims vs. Christians • Fought many battles for over 200 years • Chief goal to conquer the “holy land” • Left many dead, unsuccessful in conquering • Benefits new foods, trade increases and gave the church more power

15. Aim: Power in the Middle Ages, who had it and why? Quietly, answer the following questions in your notebook. (answers can be found on page 27 or 29) 􀂄 What aspects of society did the church control during the Middle Ages? 􀂄What was the Magna Carta? Why do you think it is important?

16. Middle Ages and Religion Age of Faith Kings vs. Popes Other Influences Church Structure

17. The Medieval Catholic Church • filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. • monasticism: • St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. • provided schools for the children of the upper class. • inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. • libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. • monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

18. Rise of the Catholic Church • Read page 19

19. Church Structure The Pope: The political and spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church 1. Cardinals: next to be the Pope, work as Various leaders of the church 2. 3. Bishops , Abbotts, Abbesses Leaders of smaller areas such as a house or church 4. Priests and Nuns: Took care of the sick, poor, & conducted religious Services only priests)

20. The Power of the Medieval Church • bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. • the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. • tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat. • curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition • tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. • Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

21. Kings vs. Popes • Henry IV of GB vs. Pope Gregory VIII • Gregory issued declaration reducing the King’s ability to appoint Bishops • Henry IV considered Gregory’s declaration an attack on his power. • Gregory excommunicated Henry IV from the church. • Henry IV traveled to Italy to beg the Pope to be allowed in the church

22. Other Influences • Daily Life-Farming and agriculture dominated the daily life’s of the serfs & peasants, church was center, only day off was Sunday for Church • Universities-Began to be centers of learning outside the church, only ones who could read were priests and nuns • Art-Religious art dominated during this time, lots of pictures of Jesus and saints • Gothic Style Cathedrals-Became centers of religion for the large towns, famous for stained glass windows

23. Power of the Church • Concordat of Worms • 1122 C.E. Met in Worms, Germany • The Kings and the Pope agreed that the Pope would appoint members of the Church. • Decreased the Kings power • Increased the Popes power • Concordat of Worms

24. The Age of Faith • Mission of the Church-To save the soul of all the members • Tithe-People donated one tenth (1/10) of the produce from their lands to the church each year. • Wealth-Church became wealthiest group in Europe • Center of daily life-The local church served as a church, meeting place, and shelter during war. • Community-Created a sense of community & togetherness between Christians

25. Education • •Monasteries-Provided education to the men entering the clergy • •Universities-Developed due to people outside the church wanting to be educated • •Cordoba & Baghdad-Muslim cities with important schools and centers of learning • •Women-Women were not allowed to study at the universities

26. Gothic Cathedrals • Cathedrals–Pointed arches.–High, narrow vaults–Thinner walls.–Flying buttresses.–Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors.–Stained-glass windows

27. The Gothic Cathedral

28. Gothic Floor Plans

29. Interior of a Gothic Cathedral

30. Canterbury Cathedral, England

31. Stained Glass Windows • For the glory of God. • For religiousinstructions.

32. Cathedral Gargoyles

33. St. Etienne, Bourges, late 12c “Flying” Buttresses

34. Notre Dame Cathedral

35. Rose Window Chartres Cathedral, Paris The good, of course, is always beautiful, and the beautiful never lacks proportion. --- Plato

36. “Rose” Windows of Various Kinds Original Design Labyrinth, 1200 Buddhist Mandala

37. Late Medieval Church Art Chalice, paten, and straw, mid-13c Relinquary, late 12c

38. Illuminated Manuscripts

39. Printed Psaltar Gregorian Chant

40. Late Medieval Art • St. Francis’Rule Approved • Giotto • 1288-92? • Tempera on wood and ground gold.

41. The Crucifixion • Giotto • 1305 • Tempera onwood andground gold.