The Implementation of Academic Ethics as a Background for Ethical Approach to the Research Activities: the Lithuanian Ex

1. The Implementation of Academic Ethics as a Background for Ethical Approach to the Research Activities: the Lithuanian Experience Aleksandras Vasiljevas Lithuania Center for Business/Applied ethics, Vilnius University E-mail: verslo_etika@vukhf.lt

2. The Implementation of Academic Ethics as a Background for Ethical Approach to the Research Activities: the Lithuanian Experience Academic ethics and the process of ethics institutionalization Individual and organization ethics: different approaches and different results Academic ethics - the paradigm of organization ethics Ethics Infrastructure as a tool for constructing academic integrity Ethics problems in academic practice Lithuanian experience: common features and peculiarities University and the prospects of academic ethics

3. Academic ethics and the process of ethics institutionalization universities� expression of their engagement in ethics: mission, vision, codes of conduct or related documents, ethics committees

4. Academic ethics as a field of science requires scientific methodological background and analytical level of researches The theme of scientific researches �The processes of ethics institutionalization on meso and macro levels� in Vilnius university covers the issues of academic ethics �Journal of academic ethics� (Kluwer Academic Publishers): It is a forum for discussion of original research on a broad range of ethical considerations in research, teaching, administration and governance. Focuses the need for sustained inquiry into the values, purposes and functions of academic institutions responsible for the creation and dissemination of knowledge

5. Academic ethics - the paradigm of organization ethics Organization (business) ethics as inter-disciplinary science: from philosophy to management. Responsibility for ethical practice is not only the concern of separate persons, but the corporate responsibility of organization (academic institution). Promotion of ethical professional activity by organizing Workplace Ethics. Corporate ethics standards become the integral component of organizations� management. Managing ethics standards in universities.

6. Responsibility for ethical practice is not only the concern of separate persons, but the corporate responsibility of academic institution. It creates the work environment that motivate its staff to behave ethically or vice versa

7. Academic ethics is a commitment, observed without fail, to its fundamental values. These values determine principles of behaviour that enable academic communities to incarnate the ideals into action. That is to construct academic integrity.

9. Ethics Infrastructureas a tool for constructing academic integrity Ethics codes Ethics committees Ethics officers, counsellors Ethics training Ethical auditing Ethics hotlines Roundtable meetings and discussion circles Legal acts correlating with ethics codes Applied (professional, business) ethics centres

10. The Fundamental Values of academic ethics Integrity Responsibility Honesty Compliance Fairness Trust ������� New Professionalism

11. Typical violations of academic ethics Fabrication Plagiarism Forgery Cheating Unauthorized Assistance Multiple submission Imposed co-authorship Mobbing (Bullying) Conflict of interests Corruption and Nepotism Discrimination �

12. One pattern of violations: Mobbing Stipulated by the absence of organizational ethics, lack of objective indicators , clear-cut rules, criteria of performance and the validity of principle of universalism or their ignorance. The latter obviously indicate the gap between declared values and real academic life, which is the challenge to academic integrity And organisation ethics on meso-level can solve most part of these problems: it must be done as ethical decision making and essential transformation of organisation managerial structure.

13. The pattern : Women discrimination in science. European actualities EC- FP-6 Call �Women in science. Elimination of the shortcoming: To deepen public understanding and increase social sensitivity to ethical aspects in women discrimination in science; To highlight the importance of universalism principle in diminishing gender discrimination ; To conduct analysis of typical and unique cases of women�s status and identify the ethical aspects to be specially accentuated in gender strategies in science, especially on the state level; To establish ethical measures for remodelling and reconstructing social attitudes and unfavourable conditions in particular academic structures which sustain discrimination in the field.

14. Students� academic dishonesty and its attendant circumstances Advertisements and proposals in mass media Internet WEB-site �www.tingiu.lt� (�I am lazy�): the student essay (term paper, exam paper) �Ethics and social responsibility� � from 24/04/2004 downloaded 1390 times; the essay �Ethics code of X company� � from 04/04.2004 downloaded 1415 times

15. The process of ethics infrastructure formation in Lithuanian universities ethics codes* ethics committees (commissions) ethics courses for students (only) *Non-uniform process: In Kaunas University of Technology Ethics code was formally introduced in 1999. <�> The Vilnius University code of conduct is to be introduced in 2004 (its draft is under the discussion)

16. Shortcomings of ethics codes: pretentiousness (declarativeness) paternalistic attitude to students prescriptive character (in the spirit of moral sermon) transfer of the norm of traditional normative ethics to organisation life (unawareness of organisation ethics paradigm) not regarded as a tool for self-regulation in organisation, but as one more instrument of administrative pressure.

18. The ethics in researches can be practically realised only if the more general issues of academic ethics are solved. That is why it is important to regenerate or to form high standard of university life in all its aspects as a response to the society expectation and in accordance with declared mission of a university. Contemporary ethics possess the whole infrastructure, required techniques to assist in realization of this mission in practice.