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Research Methods

Research Methods. Hypothesis. Students’ Hypothesis Speaking up in class will kill you. My Hypothesis Speaking up in class will not kill you. The Scientific Method. Scientific vs. Unscientific Empiricism Theory Describe, explain, predict Fits known facts Predicts new discoveries

MikeCarlo
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Research Methods

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  1. Research Methods

  2. Hypothesis • Students’ Hypothesis • Speaking up in class will kill you. • My Hypothesis • Speaking up in class will not kill you.

  3. The Scientific Method • Scientific vs. Unscientific • Empiricism • Theory • Describe, explain, predict • Fits known facts • Predicts new discoveries • Falsifiable • Parsimonious

  4. The Scientific Method • Hypotheses • Hypotheses ≠ Theory • Hypotheses are derived from EMPIRICAL LITERATURE!! • Population vs. Sample

  5. Research Methods • Descriptive Methods • Observe and describe behavior • Reactivity • External Validity • Case Studies • Surveys • Random and Representative Sampling • Naturalistic Observation

  6. Research Methods • Correlational Research • Correlation Coefficient • Positive • Negative • No correlation

  7. Research Methods • Experimental Methods • Experimental and Control groups • Independent and Dependent variables

  8. Independent/Dependent Variables • A researcher is interested in how the activity level of four-year-olds is affected by viewing a 30-minute video of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles or a 30-minute video of Barney. • IV? DV? Experimental Group(s)? Control Group?

  9. Independent/Dependent Variables • A therapist wants to test a new drug designed to increase the ability of teenagers with ADHD to take accurate notes in class. • IV? DV? Experimental Group(s)? Control Group?

  10. Independent/Dependent Variables • A biopsychologist wants to know whether exposure to testosterone in adult female rats increases their aggressive behavior. • IV? DV? Experimental Group(s)? Control Group?

  11. Independent/Dependent Variables • An industrial psychologist believes that cooling the room temperature may have an impact on the productivity of workers on the assembly line. • IV? DV? Experimental Group(s)? Control Group?

  12. Research Methods • Experimental Methods • Experimental and Control groups • Independent and Dependent variables • Extraneous variables • Internal validity • Random Assignment • Experimenter Bias • Sample Bias

  13. Correlational or Experimental? • A Dartmouth study found that overweight young women (age 23) earned 6.4% less than their non-overweight peers. Additionally, the study found that young men’s earnings rose 2% for each 4-inch increase in height.

  14. Correlational or Experimental? • An Australian study reported that MSG does not cause people to be sick, as previously reported. The researcher told subjects that he was studying ingredients in a new soft drink and fed them either MSG or a placebo in the drink. The same number and type of symptoms were reported in both the MSG and the placebo groups.

  15. Correlational or Experimental? • USA Today reported that the stock market ends the year with a gain if the Super Bowl is won by one of the original NFL members – all the NFC teams and the three AFC teams (Indianapolis Colts, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Cleveland Browns).

  16. Ethics • IRB • Informed consent/voluntary participation • Deception • Confidentiality • Animal Participants

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