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Mine Illumination and Solid-State Lighting

Mine Illumination and Solid-State Lighting. Dr. John J. Sammarco NIOSH Pittsburgh Research Laboratory. Agenda. Why is lighting important? Age and vision History of lighting Lighting safety & accidents High brightness light emitting diodes (HB LEDs) NIOSH lighting research.

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Mine Illumination and Solid-State Lighting

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  1. Mine Illumination and Solid-State Lighting Dr. John J. Sammarco NIOSHPittsburgh Research Laboratory

  2. Agenda • Why is lighting important? • Age and vision • History of lighting • Lighting safety & accidents • High brightness light emitting diodes (HB LEDs) • NIOSH lighting research

  3. Why look at mine lighting? Mining…“the most difficult lighting environment in the world” Illumination Engineering Society of North America, 2003.

  4. Why look at mine lighting? • Miners depend heavily on visual cues to spot hazards • Aging workforce • Accidents

  5. Age Effects on Vision • Night vision decreases with age • Smaller pupil • Eye less able to adapt to light • Fewer rod receptors • Cloudy eye lens

  6. Average miner 43 yrs old 40% less light than 20 yrs old Age Effects on Vision Yellowing of Lens(age in years) Degradation of lens decreases effective light level and effective contrast (due to scatter)

  7. Why look at mine lighting? • Improved lighting may help miners avoid accidents: • Slip/trip/falls • Falls of ground • Striking/pinning • An MSHA study of metal/nonmetal mining concluded that current lighting systems are inadequate.

  8. Safety & Lighting The percentage of accidents declines as illuminance is increased in industrial (non-mining) work areas Source (Walton et al., 2005)

  9. A Brief History of Lighting Candle holders with candles

  10. Oil wick lamps improved safetyby containing open flames. Costswere also lower, and minersfound them easier to use thancandles. Oil Lamps Photos: Royal BC Museum, British Columbia, Canada, http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/

  11. The transition to helmet-mountedlighting began with the introductionof the carbide lamp. Carbide lamps Photo: Royal BC Museum, British Columbia, Canada, http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/ Quotation: Where the Sun Never Shines, Priscilla Long, Paragon House, New York, 1989.

  12. The introduction of theincandescent lamp eliminatedconcerns about openflames within the mine. The light from a small, steadilyburning incandescent filamentwas much more controllablethan the light from an openflame. Enclosed within adirectional reflector, it becamethe standard, unchanged tothis day. Incandescent Lights Photos: Royal BC Museum, British Columbia, Canada, http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/, Cape Breton Mine Museum, www.minersmuseum.com

  13. What is light?

  14. What is light?Electromagnetic radiation

  15. Light Spectrum • White light from LEDs • Shorter wavelenghts • Bluish-white light • Better depth perception • Better color rendering • Better visual performance

  16. Spectral Power Distribution

  17. Lighting technologies • Lower specular color temperatures indicate a yellowish light; • higher temperatures indicate a whiter light.

  18. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) LEDs are semi-conductors; they don't have a filament that will burn out. They are illuminate by the movement of electrons in a semiconductor. Luminaires LED’s

  19. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) • Advantages: • Lower power requirements • Long Life (>50,000 hours) • Small size • Sturdy • “White, shorter wavelength” light

  20. NIOSH Mine Lighting Research

  21. Reducing underground mining mishaps by improving mine illumination

  22. Project Scope Underground lighting: • Cap lamp (coal) • Preblast lighting (metal/nonmetal) • Machine lighting (coal)

  23. Cap Lamps Additional Personal lighting LED Cap Lamp2 lb. battery, 5 year LED life 5 lb. battery

  24. Machine Lighting

  25. Preblast Lighting • inspect roof & back • loading of explosives

  26. Specific aim summary • Does the color (spectral power distribution) from white LEDs: • Improve visual performance? • Reduce glare? • Can advantages of LEDs (small, robust, high efficiency, etc)enable new designs to: • Improve visual performance? • Reduce glare? • Realize new safety applications?

  27. NIOSHMine Illumination Lab

  28. Glare tests

  29. Peripheral motion detection

  30. Slip/trip/fall hazards

  31. Mean time to detect an objectIncandescent cap lamp was slowest

  32. Lighting prototypes

  33. Questions

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