An information book about …

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3. Contents

4. Page 2 Introduction The first dinosaurs lived over 200 million years ago. They lived on the land, in the sea and flew in the air. Some dinosaurs had 2 legs whilst others had four. The smallest dinosaur was the size of a chicken and the largest measured 35 metres long. The dinosaurs had different eating habits. Some dinosaurs ate only meat. Other dinosaurs ate only plants. The plant-eating dinosaurs were so big they had to eat all day long to keep their strength up. A British palaeontologist called Richard Owen thought of the name ‘dinosaur’. The name came from the Greek words deinos and sauroswhich means ‘terrible reptile’. As dinosaurs were reptilesthey laid eggs. Most dinosaurs dug a hole in the ground for a nest. The mother dinosaur guarded the eggs. She chased away other dinosaurs who tried to steal them. After many weeks the eggs hatched and within a few minutes the baby dinosaurs could walk. Dinosaurs no longer roamthe earth. However, we know that they lived millions of years ago because people have found their teeth, bones and claws. These parts of the dinosaur are studied by special scientists. By looking at these parts the scientists gather clues about how and where dinosaurs lived.

5. Page 3 Meat or Plant Eaters Meat Eaters These dinosaurs are known as carnivores. They needed to run fast and catch other dinosaursso they usually had long, strong legs. They also needed big strong jaws, sharp teeth and claws to tear apart and eat their prey. To hunt well these dinosaurs would have had very good eyesight and a keen sense of smell. They used their large brains to plan out their hunt. Plant Eaters These dinosaurs are known as herbivores. They usually had blunt teeth to strip leaves and twigs from the ground or from trees. They would also use them to grind their food. Many herbivores had cheek pouches to store their food. They had to eat a lot more than carnivores to get energy. Some dinosaurs swallowed rocks to help grind up their food in their guts.

6. Page 4 Tyrannosaurus Rex Name The name Tyrannosaurus Rex means ‘Tyrant Lizard King’. Eating Habits The Tyrannosaurus Rex was a meat-eater. Looks The T- Rex had very strong jaws which could rip apart a carcass. It had 50 razor sharp teeth each the size of a banana. The Tyrannosaurus Rex had a stiff pointed tail and tiny arms. It could run at 40km per hour. Each foot had 3 toes with claws. Home It lived in North America and Asia Length The Tyrannosaurus Rex was 15 metres long. Tie - ran - oh - saw - rus

7. Page 5 Stegosaurus Steg - oh - saw - rus Name The name Stegosaurus means ‘Covered Lizard’ or ‘Roof Lizard’. Eating Habits The Stegosaurus was a plant eater. Looks Stegosaurus had a very small bird-like head compared to the rest of its huge body. Its brain was about the size of a walnut. It had bony plates running down its back and tail spikes at the end of its bendy tail. Its spikes were up to a metre long. The Stegosaurus’ back legs were twice as long as its front legs. Home The Stegosaurus lived in North America. Length It was 9 metres long.

8. Page 6 Apatosaurus Name Apatosaurus is one of the best known of all dinosaurs but usually by its more popular name Brontosaurus. Its name means ‘Thunder Lizard’. Eating Habits It was a plant-eater. Looks Its neck was 6 metres long and supported a rather small head. Its brain was about the size of a large apple. Apatosaurus used its 9 metre long whip-like tail to defend itself. Home This dinosaur lived in North America, Length It was 21 metres long A - pat - oh - saw - rus The Apatosaurus swallowed stones which stayed in the stomach to help them digest their food.

9. Page 7 Scelidosaurus Skel - ih - do - saw - rus Name The name Scelidosaurus means ’Limb Lizard’. Eating Habits The Scelidosaurus was a plant eater. Looks The Scelidosaurus had a small head and a short neck. Its teeth were leaf-shaped. It had a long, stiff tail, and a heavy body with armoured platesembedded in its back. The bony plates had pointy studs on them. It walked on 4 legs Home The Scelidosaurus lived in Europe. Length It was 4 metres long

10. Page 8 Anchisaurus An - ki - saw - rus Name Anchisaurus means ‘Near Lizard’. Eating Habits Anchisaurus was a plant-eater. Looks It had five-fingered hands with a curved thumb claw, and its feet had five toes. Anchisaurus had spoon-shaped teeth that were probably not used for chewing food, but rather for gathering it. It had a small head, a long neck and body and a long tail. It weighed from 30 – 70 kg. It could walk on either 4 or 2 legs. Home Its home was South Africa. Length It was 2.5 metres long. It swallowed pebbles to help it digest food

11. Page 9 Triceratops Try - ser - a - tops Name Triceratops means ‘Three Horned Face’ Eating Habits Triceratops was a plant-eater. Looks An adult Triceratops could weigh up to 10 tons - heavier than an elephant! Its skull was built like an enormous shield with a thick neck frill, a short, thick nose horn and two long brow horns which sometimes measured over 90 cm long. Home The Triceratops lived in North America. Length They were 9 metres long. Triceratops was one of the last dinosaurs to exist on the planet before dinosaurs mysteriously became extinct

12. Armoured Plates hard thick scales Carcass the body of a dead animal Carnivores meat eating Herbivores plant eating Palaeontologist dinosaur scientist Prey animals that were hunted for food Reptiles cold-blooded animal with a backbone which today include snakes, lizards alligators, crocodiles Roam travel around Page 10 What does it mean? Glossary

13. Page Anchisaurus 8 Apatosaurus 6 Brontosaurus 6 Carnivores 3,4 Glossary 10 Herbivores 3, 5, 6, 7, 8,9 Internet Links 12 Introduction 2 Meat eaters 3 Palaeontologist 2 Plant eaters 3 Reptiles 2 Richard Owen 2,12 Scelidosaurus 7 Stegosaurus 5 Triceratops 9 Tyrannosaurus Rex 4 Page 11 Where can I find out about…? Index

14. Internet Links Page 12 CBBC Newsround – T Rex Was A Slowcoach! And other Interesting facts about dinosaurs http://news8.thdo.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/sci_tech/newsid_1844000/1844644.stm Zoom Dinosaurs from Enchanted Learning Lots of interesting dinosaur information and a factfile and printouts for loads of different types of dinosaur. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/allabout/ Walking with dinosaurs… http://www.bbc.co.uk/dinosaurs/ All about Richard Owen http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/Owen.shtml Are you ready to try the dinosaur quiz? OK

15. X Dinosaur Quiz Question 1 Who first used the name ‘dinosaur’? Owen Richards Richard Owen Richard Jones

16. X Well done! Yes, Richard Owen thought of the name ‘dinosaur’. The name came from the Greek words deinos and sauroswhich means ‘terrible reptile’.

17. X Question 2 Which dinosaur is a carnivore? Tyrannosaurus Rex Stegosaurus Scelidosaurus

18. X Well done! Yes, the T-Rex was a meat-eater, or carnivore.

19. X Question 3 Which dinosaur was the shortest in length? Stegosaurus Anchisaurus Apatosaurus

20. X Well done! Yes, the Anchisaurus was only 2 ½ metres long.

21. X Question 4 Where did the Triceratops live? Dinas Powys Asia North America

22. X Well done! Yes, the Triceratops lived in North America.

23. X Question 5 What does the name stegosaurus mean? Covered lizard Thunder lizard Limb lizard

24. X Well done! Yes, Stegosaurus means covered lizard or roof lizard .

25. X Question 6 What did some herbivores swallow to help digest food? Other dinosaurs Water Stones

26. X Well done! Yes, some herbivores swallowed stones to help them digest their food.

27. X Now see what else you can find out about dinosaurs. Back to internet links