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Pentateuch--Class Strategies

Pentateuch--Class Strategies. Initial survey on blackboard.com http://www.blackboard.com/courses/B-310 Geocities. Http://www.geocities.com/ralphklein2001 Study groups Deadlines for quizzes, book reports, mid-term, and final

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Pentateuch--Class Strategies

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  1. Pentateuch--Class Strategies • Initial survey on blackboard.com http://www.blackboard.com/courses/B-310 • Geocities. Http://www.geocities.com/ralphklein2001 • Study groups • Deadlines for quizzes, book reports, mid-term, and final • Appointments; call (256-0695; 238-1856); E-Mail (rwklein@mindspring.com or rklein@lstc.edu)

  2. Strategies continued • Class participation--how class begins; how you take charge of your own education. • Extra Credit • Oriental Institute • Worthwhile web sites

  3. The OT Canon (TeNaK) • Pentateuch canonical by ca. 400 (Torah) • Prophets canonical by ca. 200 (Nebi’im) • Writings canonical by end of 1st century CE (Kethubim) • Are all canonical books inspired? • Are all inspired books canonical?

  4. Pre-Critical: Moses as author. Based on: • later parts of OT; NT • Philo (20-15 BCE--50 CE) and Josephus (37-100 CE)--Moses wrote about his own death! • Ibn Ezra 12c. aware of chronological and geographical difficulties • Carlstadt: 16c. Death account of Moses by someone else, but it is written in same style as the rest

  5. Materials in Pentateuch are post-Mosaic • Gen 12:6 Canaanites were in the land in ancestral times--but not now at time of composition • Deut 34:6, 10 Grave of Moses unknown to this day; no subsequent prophet as great as Moses • Gen 36:31 kings of Edom before there were any kings in Israel

  6. Some Materials in Pentateuch are from more than one person • Doublets • Genesis 12, 20, 26--wife/sister • Decalogue--Exod 20, 34, Deut 5 • Jacob names Bethel in Genesis 28 and 35 • Yahweh’s name revealed in Exodus 3 and 6

  7. Multiple authorship (continued) • Genesis 1 = plants, animals, man-woman; Genesis 2 = man, plants, animals, woman • Flood: Did it last 40 days or 1 year? Did they bring in seven pairs of clean and 1 pair of unclean animals, or 1 pair of all animals? • Exod 20:24 an altar wherever God reveals Godself; Deut 12--only one altar • “Yahweh” known from beginning; from Exod 3; from Exod 6 (Elohim; El Shadday)

  8. Multiple authorship (continued) • Sinai or Horeb; Canaanites or Amorites; Jethro, Hobab, or Reuel • Angel of Yahweh on earth; Angel of God in heaven • Gen 28:12 ladder as bond between earth and heaven; 28:13 Yahweh stands on earth • Sacrifices performed from beginning; or only after Leviticus 9 • Chronology: Sarah beautiful at 65; at 90! Isaac spends 80 years on deathbed.

  9. The Source Hypothesis • Witter; Astruc • DeWette--the importance of Deuteronomy • Wellhausen • Martin Noth 5 themes: patriarchs, Exodus, Sinai, wilderness, entryinto land • Gerhard von Rad--historical creeds from Deut 6 and 26; Joshua 24

  10. Wellhausen’s proposal (modified) • J 10th c; E 9th C; JE 8th c • Deuteronomy 7th c • Priestly writing (source or redaction?) 6th c • Tribes-nation-theocracy; polytheism-henotheism-monotheism; many sanctuaries- reform to one sanctuary-there was only one sanctuary from the beginning.

  11. Approaches to the text in the last century • Historical focus • Wellhausen: developmental view of history • Albright: opposite results; archaeology; uniqueness of Israel in ANE • Difficulties in writing biblical history: • theological emphasis of texts • no eyewitness accounts • lack of corroborating evidence

  12. Approaches to the text (continued) • Is interpretation a science or an art? • Wellhausen: analytical discipline; text an “it” • Gunkel: Text a “thou”; text has a prehistory and earliest stage was oral (form criticism) • Theological approach • Gerhard von Rad--Confessing Church; brackets out historical questions • Brueggemann

  13. Recent Developments • Canonical criticism (Brevard Childs) • Other holistic approaches (synchronical vs diachronical approaches) • Radical approaches to the question of history (patriarchs, Exodus, conquest) • Feminist, womanist, two thirds world perspectives • No consensus

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