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The Socioeconomic Status of Black Males: The Increasing Importance of Incarceration

The Socioeconomic Status of Black Males: The Increasing Importance of Incarceration. Steven Raphael Goldman School of Public Policy University of California, Berkeley December, 2003. Incarceration Trends: 1970 to 2000. Point-in-time institutionalization trends from the U.S Census

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The Socioeconomic Status of Black Males: The Increasing Importance of Incarceration

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  1. The Socioeconomic Status of Black Males: The Increasing Importance of Incarceration Steven Raphael Goldman School of Public Policy University of California, Berkeley December, 2003

  2. Incarceration Trends: 1970 to 2000 • Point-in-time institutionalization trends from the U.S Census • Estimating the proportion with prior prison experience

  3. Estimating the Proportion with Prior Prison Experience BJS estimates • In addition to the 1.3 million current prisoners, an additional 4.3 million have served a prison term in the past • Current and former inmates account for 4.9 percent of the 2001 adult male population. • 2.6 percent of non-Hispanic white males (1.4 percent in 1974) • 16.6 percent of non-Hispanic black males (8.7 percent in 1974) • 7.7 percent of Hispanic males (2.3 percent in 1974)

  4. The Effects of Incarceration on Future Labor Market Prospects • To what extent does prison interrupt one’s potential work career? • Does having been in prison stigmatize ex-offenders?

  5. Increasing incarceration rates and the decline in black employment-to-population ratios among the non-institutionalized • Avenues by which the proportion institutionalized may be related to the employment rate among the non-institutionalized • Proportion institutionalized is likely to be positively correlated with the proportion non-institutionalized with criminal history records • Employers may statistically discriminate against applicants from demographic groups with high institutionalization rates

  6. Testing the importance of this partial correlations • Using the 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 one percent PUMS, I estimate the proportion of non-institutionalized men that are employed and the proportion of all men that are institutionalized by age/education/race/ and year. • Regress proportion employed (among non-institutionalized) on the proportion institutionalized • Assess whether inter-cell variation in the proportion institutionalized explains any of the widening in the black-white employment rate differential.

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