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Understanding Acids, Bases, and Salts in Chemistry

Learn about acids, bases, and salts in chemistry with explanations of their definitions, properties, examples, and how to measure acidity. Discover how they react and their impact on pH levels. Enhance your knowledge of these fundamental concepts!

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Understanding Acids, Bases, and Salts in Chemistry

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  1. Acids & Bases NavjotKaur Nathan Coffing SapphiraDarmawan Connor McDevitt

  2. Definitions • Acid- A substance that dissolves in water, producing H+ (aq) ions. • Base- A substance that neutralizes an acid, producing a salt and water as the only product. • Salts- Ionic compounds made by the neutralization of an acid with a base.

  3. Acids • Form hydronium ions in water. • Hydronium ions: H3O+1(H+ combined with H2O) • Examples are hydrochloric acid (HCl) acetic acid (vinegar) and lemon juice.

  4. Properties of Acids • pH<7 • Tastes sour • Reacts with metals and gives off H2(g) • Turns blue litmus paper red • Turns phenolphthalein colorless • Universal indicator is yellow. • Conducts electricity

  5. Bases • Forms hydroxide ions in water • Hydroxide is OH-1(water missing an H+) • Examples include baking soda, ammonia, bleach, and lye.

  6. Properties of Bases • pH>7 • Tastes bitter and feels slippery • Doesn’t react with metals • Conducts electricity • Turns red litmus paper blue. • Turns phenolphthalein pink. • Universal indicator is blue.

  7. Measuring acidity • Whether a solution is an acid or a base is determined by its pH. • The pH scale runs from 0 to 14. • Pure water has a pH7.0, which we call neutral. • Acids have a pH<7.0 • Bases have a pH>7.0

  8. Salts • Salts are substances formed by a reaction of an acid and a base. • NaOH + HCl H2O + NaCl • Can also be formed by reacting metals with acids. • H2SO4+ Zn  ZnSO4 + H2 • When salts are dissolved in water, the solution conducts electricity.

  9. Fin

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