Flight Freedoms & ICAO J itesh C hauhan 99D01001

Flight Freedoms & ICAO Jitesh Chauhan 99D01001

Freedoms of Civil Aviation ICAO Introduction Need of Organization Aims Freedoms Conclusion

Introduction ICAN ICAO Bodies 33rd assembly, feb 2001, 187 member countries Assembly Council Secretariat

The assembly Reviewing the work of the Organization, setting policy for the coming years and setting a triennial budget Council The governing body of ICAO. 33 contracting States hold seats on the Council and they are voted into these positions by the assembly. Gives direction to the organization and sets standards that are followed by the contracting States. These standards are adopted into the constitution as annexes to the Chicago Convention. Secretariat The Secretariat: the current Secretary General is Renato Claudio Costa Pereira.

Need of ICAO (a) Insure the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation throughout the world; (b) Encourage the arts of aircraft design and operation for peaceful purposes; (c) Encourage the development of airways, airports, and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation; (d) Meet the needs of the peoples of the world for safe, regular, efficient and economical air transport;

(e) Prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition; (f) Insure that the rights of contracting States are fully respected and that every contracting State has a fair opportunity to operate international airlines; (g) Avoid discrimination between contracting States; (h) Promote safety of flight in international air navigation; (i) Promote generally the development of all aspects of international civil aeronautics.

Aims of ICAO • Standardization • Communication, navigation, surveillance/air traffic management • Regional Planning • Facilitation • Economics • Technical cooperation for development • Law

STANDARDIZATION One of ICAO's chief activities is standardization, the establishment of International Standards, licensing of personnel, rules of the air, airworthiness, aeronautical telecommunications, air traffic services. Adoption of modern situations. Consideration of aircraft noise and engine emissions, security and the safe transport of dangerous goods. ICAO has dealt with the subject of unlawful interference with civil aviation and with questions regarding aviation and the human environment.

CNS /ATM The development of a satellite-based system concept to meet the future communications, navigation, surveillance/air traffic management (CNS/ATM) needs of civil aviation. Application of today's high technologies in satellites and computers, data links and advanced flight deck avionics. Its impact as an integrated global system with consequential changes to the way air traffic services are organized and operated.

REGIONAL PLANNING ICAO, recognizes nine geographical regions which must be treated individually for planning the provision of air navigation facilities and services required on the ground by aircraft flying in these regions. The objective is to produce a seamless global air traffic management system, careful planning for producing the network of air navigation facilities and services upon which the aero planes depend the aerodromes, the meteorological and communications stations, the navigation aids the air traffic control units and search and rescue bases.

FACILITATION The obstacles placed by customs, immigration, public health and other formalities on the free and unimpeded passage of passengers and cargo across international boundaries have been a particularly serious impediment to air travel. In order to reduce procedural formalities, ICAO aimed at providing adequate airport terminal buildings for passengers and their baggage as well as for air cargo, with all related facilities and services.

ECONOMICS To assist States in planning their air transport services, ICAO collects and publishes comprehensive world aviation statistical data, and undertakes extensive economic studies in line with Resolutions of the ICAO Assembly and Recommendations of world-wide conferences. ICAO also produces manuals for the guidance of States in such areas as statistics, air traffic forecasting, airport and air navigation facility tariffs, the economic regulation of air transport and the establishment of air fares and rates.

TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION FOR DEVELOPMENT ICAO pays special attention to promoting civil aviation in developing countries. ICAO also provides assistance to States in order to improve their aviation security facilities and procedures. Assistance in general has consisted of advising on the organization of government civil aviation departments and on the location and operation of facilities and services, and particularly in the recruitment and administration of experts, fellowships training and procurement of equipment.

LAW It is a function of ICAO to facilitate the adoption of international air law instruments and to promote their general acceptance. It takes care of subjects as the international recognition of property rights in aircraft, damage done by aircraft to third parties on the surface, the liability of the air carrier to its passengers, crimes committed on board aircraft, etc.

Freedoms International Air Services Transit Agreement(Two Freedoms) International Air Transport Agreement (Eight Freedoms)

International Air Services Transit Agreement Each contracting State grants to the other contracting States the following freedoms of the air in respect of scheduled international air services: • The privilege to fly across its territory without landing; • The privilege to land for non-traffic purposes.

International Air Transport Agreement (Eight Freedoms) Each contracting State grants to the other contracting States the following freedoms of the air in respect of scheduled international air services: (1) The privilege to fly across its territory without landing; (2) The privilege to land for non-traffic purposes;

(3) The privilege to put down passengers, mail and cargo taken on in the territory of the State whose nationality the aircraft possesses; (4) The privilege to take on passengers, mail and cargo destined for the territory of the State whose nationality the aircraft possesses; (5) The privilege to take on passengers, mail and cargo destined for the territory of any other contracting State and the privilege to put down passengers, mail and cargo coming from any such territory.

(6) It is right to fly in to the territory of the granters state, and take on (or set down) traffics for the nationality possessing state, which is subsequently carried to ( or previously originated from) a third state on different service.

(7) The right for carrier operating entirely outside the territory of it’s nationality state, to take on or set down traffic in the granter state for carriage to or from a third state. (8) It is referred as cabotage, is the right for an airline of another state to carry traffic from one point in territory of a state, to another point within the same state. This right is granted when the country has shortage of aircrafts.

1) The privileges of this section shall not be applicable with respect to airports utilized for military purposes to the exclusion of any scheduled international air services. In areas of active hostilities or of military occupation, and in time of war along the supply routes leading to such areas, the exercise of such privileges shall be subject to the approval of the competent military authorities. 2) Designate the route to be followed within its territory by any international air service and the airports which any such service may use;

3) There should not be any discrimination between airlines operating on the same route, should take into account the capacity of the aircraft, and should be exercised in such a manner as not to prejudice the normal operations of the international air services concerned or the rights and obligations of any contracting State. 2) A contracting State granting to the airlines of another contracting State, the privilege to stop for no traffic purposes may require such airlines to offer reasonable commercial service at the points at which such stops are made.

7) Each contracting State reserves the right to withhold or revoke a certificate or permit to an air transport enterprise of another State in any case where it is not satisfied that substantial ownership and effective control are vested in nationals of a contracting State. 6) This Agreement shall remain in force as long as the Chicago Convention; provided, however, that any contracting State, a party to the present Agreement, may denounce it on one year's notice given by it to the Government of the United States of America, which shall at once inform all other contracting States of such notice and withdrawal.

Although, ICAO rules are just a guide line, but it depends more importantly on the political relations of the two countries. E.g., India and pakistan.

Flight Freedoms & ICAO J itesh C hauhan 99D01001