Illinois Accelerator Research Center (IARC)

1. Bob Kephart Illinois Accelerator Research Center (IARC) Impacts on Society

2. IARC: What is it? • A partnership between Department of Energy and the State of Illinois • To encourage and enable Fermilab to work closely with industry and universities on Accelerator Technology Development and Education • To develop new accelerator technology based products and high tech industries to the U.S. and to Illinois (industrial competitiveness) RDK, Dec 2011 2

3. Aligned with National Priorities • Presidential Memorandum on Accelerating Technology Transfer and Commercialization of Federal Research in Support of High Growth Businesses(Oct. 28, 2011) – President Obama directed Agencies with Federal laboratories “…to establish performance goals to increase the number and pace of effective technology transfer and commercialization activities in partnership with non-federal entities, including private firms, research organizations, and non-profit entities.” • DOE Accelerator Stewardship Mission-- DOE/OHEP has taken on the mantle of stewardship of accelerator science and technology within DOE-SC with a thrust related to applied technology. RDK, Dec 2011 3

4. Aligned with National Priorities • 2012 Senate Energy and Water Appropriations (Sep. 7, 2011) – The FY12 appropriations for DOE/HEP: • “The committee understands that powerful new accelerator technologies created for basic science and developed by industry will produce particle accelerators with the potential to address key economic and societal issues confronting our Nation. However, the Committee is concerned with the divide that exists in translating breakthroughs in accelerator science and technology into applications that benefit the market place and American competitiveness.” • “The Committee directs the Department to submit a 10-year strategic plan by June 1, 2012 for accelerator technology research and development to advance accelerator applications in energy and the environment, medicine, industry, national security, and discovery science.” RDK, Dec 2011 4

5. IARC: Business Model (Gaps) • New ideas in accelerator technology seem to die for three reasons • Inadequate resources (financial or personnel) in industry, universities, or labs to demonstrate feasibility of an idea • During the transition from small scale technology demonstration to a commercial product • Lack of acceptance of the new technology by potential customers (ignorance or prejudice) that is cured only by large scale demonstrations • IARC can help fill these gaps RDK, Dec 2011 5

6. IARC: Mission Statement • Work with Industry, University, and Laboratory partners to promote the development of accelerator technology, projects, and applications • Promote the growth of high tech industry based on accelerator technology leading to new products and capabilities • Work with University partners to create an educational center for accelerator science and technology RDK, Dec 2011 6

7. IARC: Physical Plant • The State of Illinois, Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity (DCEO) has provided a $ 20 M grant for the construction of IARC • Combined with a $ 13 M contribution from DOE and a refurbished $ 38 M heavy assembly building at Fermilab • Together the will create a $ 70 M complex to enable the IARC mission RDK, Dec 2011 7

8. CDF building (DOE provided) • Refurbished heavy assembly building used for the construction of the CDF experiment at the Tevatron • 42,000 sqft: 50 T crane; deep pit for radiation shielding of accelerators; cryogenic, electrical and cooling water infrastructure; IT networks; 40 offices, etc RDK, Dec 2011 8

9. IARC OTE Building (State funded) RDK, Dec 2011 9

10. New Office Technical & Education Building • 23,000 SF of Office Space (145 offices) • 3,900 SF New Lecture Hall • 900 SF Executive Meeting Room • 3,700 SF Light Tech Space • New Dining Area with cold food service • New 55-car parking • Interior connection to CDF bldg RDK, Dec 2011 10

11. Lecture Hall IARC OTE Building (State funded) 2-Story Lunch Room 175 person capacity • Seating for 90 on 2 levels • Outdoor Dining area RDK, Dec 2011 Sloped/Tiered Seating Fixed desks with power and wireless

12. Accelerators and the economy • About 30,000 accelerators are in use in the U.S. • These devices are very important to the future prosperity and security of our country • Major socio-economic impact on society • All digital electronics (computers, cell phones, televisions, ipods, etc) • Consumer products (airplanes, cars, tires, food packaging, medical supplies, etc) • Health and environment (medical treatments & diagnostics, pollution control) • Many of these applications grew from accelerator technology development for High Energy Physics • Many other uses are envisioned for in the future • New sources of sustainable energy (Accelerator Driven systems) • Preservation of the environment (flue gas and water treatment, etc.) RDK, Dec 2011

13. Accelerators for Discovery Science These Accelerators have transformed our understanding of the nature of the universe we live in but represent only 1% of all accelerators in use RDK, Dec 2011

14. Industrial Accelerators are already big business • R Hamm, HEPAP, March 2010 RDK, Dec 2011

15. Accelerators for Americas Future • Symposium held in Oct 2009 in Washington DC, hosted by the Department of Energy • Chaired by W Henning, ANL and Charles Shank, Director LBNL(retired), attended by > 400 scientists • Details of the symposium and the report are available at http://www.acceleratorsamerica.org/ • Attempt to capture some of the important uses (current and planned) of accelerators in the next few slides (Acknowledgement: Some figures in this talk were taken from AAF report) RDK, Dec 2011

16. Accelerators for Industrial Processes Electron Beam Welding and Machining e.g. PAVAC Energy Corp. Deep welds, low weld shrinkage, dissimilar or refractory metals, etc Widely used in automotive and aerospace industry Drill 3000 holes/sec! Electron Beam Irradiation (e.g. improving heat resistance of coatings wire and Cable, crosslinking polymers (tires!), curing paint and inks, etc) 1500 dedicated facilities worldwide RDK, Dec 2011

17. Accelerators for Industrial ProcessesIon Implantation • R Hamm, HEPAP, March 2010 $ 1.5 B in Accelerator sales each yr RDK, Dec 2011

18. Accelerators for National Security More than two billion tons of cargo pass through U.S. ports and waterways annually. Many ports now screen cargo for weapons or nuclear materials with gamma-ray scanners, based on radioactive isotopes such as cobalt-60 .However, high-energy X-rays generated by particle accelerators can make this process faster, cheaper, and safer RDK, Dec 2011

19. Accelerators in Medicine Electron accelerator Based X-Ray facility For cancer treatment (Varian Medical systems) Rhodotron, commercial electron beam accelerator used For sterilization of medical devices RDK, Dec 2011

20. Accelerators in MedicineProton Cancer Therapy Loma Linda Proton Therapy and Treatment Center World’s 1st proton accelerator built specifically for proton therapy Designed and built at Fermilab Technology Demonstration Industry RDK, Dec 2011

21. Accelerators in MedicineCarbon Ion’s: An opportunity! • > 5000 electron linacs are used to treat over 10, 000,000 cancer patients each year, Proton therapy is becoming more popular because it is more effective at destroying tumor vs benign tissues • Medical Accelerators based on Carbon Ions have the potential to deliver even larger doses to tumors with high Relative Biological Effect (RBE) at precisely controlled locations X-rays Ions Depth determined by beam energy tumor dE/dx depth depth CERN Accel School RDK, Dec 2011

22. Accelerators for the Medical Isotopes • “Turn key” cyclotrons produced by industry are routinely used to produce radio-pharmacy isotopes for molecular imaging (18F, 11CO211CH4, 13N, 15O, etc) • PET =Positron Emission Tomography RDK, Dec 2011

23. Accelerators for the Medical Isotopes • Great ideas and capability is the starting point • Successful fielding of accelerator products depends on products with reliable designs, support services, training programs, demonstrated cost feasibility and acceptance by the potential customer base! RDK, Dec 2011

24. Accelerators for the Environment • Electron accelerators are effective for • Purifying drinking water (destroying pesticides, organics, etc) • Treating industrial waste water • Disinfecting sewage sludge • Removal of Nitrogen and Sulfur oxides from flue gases from coal-fired power plants • However, despite many R&D demonstrations and pilot plants the penetration of these promising technologies into the U.S. market is very limited • Why? • Lack of funding for follow on projects and full product development • Potential users are conservative and need turn-key solutions RDK, Dec 2011

25. Accelerators for the EnergyAccelerator Driven Systems • Key to use of Nuclear Energy for carbon free energy production is reduction of radio-toxicity and lifetime of nuclear waste • Accelerator based transmutation when combined with geological disposal has the potential to make nuclear power acceptable to society • ADS can also potentially make use of non-fissile fuels like Thorium • Superconducting RF Linac’s can provide high beam power & efficiency MYRRA ADS concept, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre RDK, Dec 2011

26. Other applications • There are many other accelerator applications that I cannot cover in this talk due to time constraints • Examples: • Synchrotron light sources for medical and materials studies: Protein structure, DNA research, etc (large & growing demand, increasingly important for commercial drug development) • Food preservation ( Need public acceptance!) • Accelerator based radiography for large industrial castings, rocket motors, munitions, etc • Ion beam based materials analysis (many techniques) • Accelerator based Mass Spectrometry • Heavy Ion Fusion, Inertial fusion accelerators (e.g. ITER) for energy production • Defense (e.g. FEL based ship board missile defense systems) • e.g see also “Industrial Accelerators & Their Applications” by Robert Hamm RDK, Dec 2011

27. IARC: The Opportunity for Fermilab • Opportunity to put substance behind the claim that HEP is the developer/steward of accelerator technology within the Office of Science • Opportunity to function as a center for accelerator based projects ( e.g. Project X, or other non-HEP Projects in the Office of Science, e.g. NGLS,FRIB) and to partner with other labs (e.g. ANL) • Opportunity for Fermilab(and ANL) to become a National center for accelerator education • Opportunity to establish additional funding sources outside HEP or with industry develop IP • Opportunity to develop technologies that benefit society bringing recognition to the DOE SC laboratoriesand to Fermilab 27 RDK, Dec 2011

28. IARC: The Opportunity for Industry • Fermilab has: • a world-leading accelerator engineering and scientific staff that have the potential to make an impact beyond the field of high-energy physics. • core capabilities and infrastructure that are unique, and that could potentially be used in application beyond the field of high-energy physics. • And will have the IARC physical plant in 2013-2014 • Industry can leverage these assets to create new accelerator based products and capabilities 28 RDK, Dec 2011

29. Conclusions • IARC and its program of accelerator applications is new territory for Fermilab, we have just begun to dip our toes into these waters. • However the potential impact on society, the economy, and the lab is very large • Even without a “formal” IARC program announcement there is lots of interest from Industry • A great opportunity for both of us! • But… the challenge is to craft a successful program • Will be developing the business model and “listening” to get this part right… Stay tuned ! RDK, Dec 2011 29