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Chapter 3 - Rocks

Chapter 3 - Rocks. Notes January 2013. 3-1 What are rocks?. Rocks in Earth’s Crust Petrologists study rocks & minerals. Rocks are made of minerals (2000). Classification of Rocks Classification is the grouping of things that are alike. Petrologists classify rocks & minerals.

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Chapter 3 - Rocks

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  1. Chapter 3 - Rocks Notes January 2013

  2. 3-1 What are rocks? • Rocks in Earth’s Crust • Petrologists study rocks & minerals. • Rocks are made of minerals (2000). • Classification of Rocks • Classification is the grouping of things that are alike. • Petrologists classify rocks & minerals. • Classes of Rocks • Petrologists classify rocks by the way they form. • The THREE classes of rocks are: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

  3. Section 3-2 How are igneous rocks formed? • Heat Inside Earth • The deeper you dig, the hotter it gets • Molten rock is made of melted minerals. • Magma and Igneous Rock • When molten rock cools and hardens, igneous rock is formed. • Igneous rock can take thousands of years to form from magma inside Earth. • Lava and Igneous Rock • Igneous rocks form quickly from lava above Earth’s crust.

  4. Section 3-3 How are igneous rocks classified? • A Combination of Minerals • The SIX most common minerals in igneous rocks are Quartz, Mica, Amphibole, Feldspar, Olivine, & Pyroxene • Crystal Size • Crystal size depends on the amount of time it takes the molten rock to cool. • Magma = large crystals; Lava = small or none • Texture • Texture can be used to identify rocks. • Large crystals are coarse; small crystals are fine; no crystals are glassy

  5. 3-4 How are sedimentary rocks formed? • Sediments • The heaviest sediment sinks first. • Natural Cement • As more layers form, water is squeezed out. • Dissolved minerals act as cement. • Sedimentary Rock From Living Things • Rock can be formed from the remains of living things.

  6. 3-5 Classifying Sedimentary rocks • Groups of Sedimentary Rocks 1. Clastic rocks are made from rock particles. 2. Nonclastic rocks are made from dissolved minerals or the remains of living things. • Particle Size 1. Sandstone and Shale are clastic rocks • Dissolved Minerals 1. Limestone and halite are nonclastic rocks. • Plants and Animals 1. Coals are nonclastic rocks formed from the remains of plants.

  7. 3-6 How are metamorphic rocks formed? • Changed Rocks 1. Heat & pressure inside Earth change rocks over time. • Heat and Pressure • Too much heat will melt a rock or mineral. 2. Extreme pressure will cause flattening (layers). • Magma 1. All rock types can be changed into metamorphic rocks.

  8. 3-7 How are metamorphic rocks classified? • Classifying Metamorphic Rocks 1. Metamorphic Rocks can be foliated or nonfoliated depending on their mineral crystal bands. • Banded Metamorphic Rocks 1. Foliated rocks have crystals arranged in bands. 2. Gniess (from granite) and schist (from shale) are examples of foliated rocks. • Metamorphic Rocks Without Bands 1. Nonfoliated do not have minerals arranged in bands. 2. Quartzite is an example (from sandstone).

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