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Most Common Ocular Conditions

Most Common Ocular Conditions. Diabetic Retinopathy. What is Diabetic Retinopathy?. Damage to the retina which is caused by diabetes which can lead to blindness. Prevalence…. Affects up to 80% of the people who have had diabetes for more than 10 years. How the disease progresses … .

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Most Common Ocular Conditions

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  1. Most Common Ocular Conditions Diabetic Retinopathy

  2. What is Diabetic Retinopathy? • Damage to the retina which is caused by diabetes which can lead to blindness.

  3. Prevalence… • Affects up to 80% of the people who have had diabetes for more than 10 years.

  4. How the disease progresses … • Shows no early warning signs. • The retina begins to swell causing blurred vision. • At this stage, vision may get better or worse throughout the day.

  5. As the disease progresses… • New blood vessels begin to form on the retina. • These vessels are unhealthy and weak. • Eventually, they begin to bleed into the retina • The bleeding may not be very severe, leaving only a few small spots in front of the retina and may even go away after a few hours.

  6. Severe stage… • After the vessels rupture, they will continue to leak blood into the retina and into the vitreous. • Vision deteriorates as the refraction of the vitreous is impaired and as the retina is damaged. • People with diabetic retinopathy often say that their vision has “turned red” which is an indicator that blood has infused the vitreous. • Once there is so much bleeding, vision may be almost completely obscured.

  7. In the final stages... • Large opacities develop in the visual field where major hemorrhages have occurred, and • The overall visual field is blurred.

  8. Eventually … • The retina begins to detach around the scarring. • When the retina detaches completely, total blindness results.

  9. Treatment…the best treatment is prevention • Tight control of blood sugar (glucose), • Blood pressure, and • Cholesterol • Stopping smoking

  10. Once the progression has begun… • Nothing can undo the damage already done. • Further progression may be slowed or stopped by using • Laser surgery • Cyrotherapy – Freezing part of the retina that is bleeding, split or swollen.

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