Complejidad Dia 8 Geofisica Biología MacroEconomía Psicologia Meteorología Ecología UBA, Junio 21, 2012.
1era parte Generalidades de brain imaging Brain imaging for hackers 2da Parte Fisica y fisiología de la señal BOLD.
Brain imaging: whole brain • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • MRI estructural (MRI) • Funcional MRI (fMRI) • Functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) • Computed tomography (CT) • Positron emission tomography (PET) • EEG, MEG, SPECT, DTI,…etc
MRI estructural • Essential in clinical care. • Radiologists perform qualitative “lightbox” reads. • Most psychiatric and neurological disorders are invisible to reading radiologists.
Brain volume declines with age Marcus et al., 2007
Functional MRI “f MRI” • fMRI: where and when • (in response). • rfMRI: at “rest” • fcMRI: functional connectivity
fMRI Algo de lo que se viene enTecnologias emergentes Amazon.com
TecnologiasEmergentes: quantitative neuroradiology India, Rafaela, Los Angeles Quantitative analysis fcMRI brain scan. Doctor receives report. Patient visits doctor. Doctor orders fcMRI. Doctor makes dx. and plans treatment. Quantitative report provides diagnostic measures, guides treatment, assesses response.
Tecnologias Emergentes: digital lab “on the clouds” http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/ Amazon.com Input: Raw MRI scans Output: Quantitative reports
Aun mas:Tecnologias Emergentes: Patient-driven care Microsoft HealthVault
Otro ejemplo:Tecnologias Emergentes: patient-driven care Google Health (prototype)
Habrá algo, alguna vez, realmente nuevo?
La primera coneccion entre flujo sanguineo y actividad mental Veber den Kreislauf des Blutes in Menschlichen Gehirn (Concerning the circulation of the blood in the human brain) Verlag von Viet & Company: Leipzig, 1881 Inventor del primer ergografo para medir la fuerza muscular Angelo Mosso
Forearm Brain Restingquietly Forearm Brain Arrow: room clock strikes 12 noon and of church bells heard Forearm Brain Arrow: Mosso asked Bertino if the Ave Maria should have been said Brain Forearm “What is 8 x 12?” ω: response Monday noon, September 23, 1878 From: Angelo Mosso (1881)
Brain imaging for hackers* • Get yourself some brain images • Get yourself some brain analysis tools • Discover something, invent something *From : Daniel Marcus, PhD Director, Neuroinformatics Research Group @ Washington University School of Medicine
Get your own brain scanned • Buy a scanner and install it in your basement
Get your own brain scanned • Buy a scanner and install it in your basement • Inflict severe brain injury
Get your own brain scanned • Buy a scanner and install it in your basement • Inflict severe brain injury • Volunteer for a study • Contact local research centers • Ask for your scans (“I’ve brought a blank CD with me. Will you please copy the DICOM files of my scans onto it?”)
Use open access data • Neuron: Neuron Database @ Yale Sense Lab • Gene expression: Allen Brain Atlas • Structural MRI: Open Access Structural Imaging Series (OASIS), mBIRN Data Repository • Functional MRI: fMRI Data Center, fBIRN Data Repository • Functional connectivity MRI: Brainscape
oasis-brains.org
brainscape.org
Get yourself some tools Slicer, Caret, AFNI, Freesurfer, SPM, FSL, ImageJ Neuron Network Whole brain Genesis Neuron See also NITRC (http://www.nitrc.org/)
Some unsolved problems Automated brain extraction How many networks are in the brain Methods for distinguishing differences between populations Predicting disease and aptitude Data sharing Individual differences in performance (“gifted”, “savant”) Neuroethics “Deidentifying” images Bridging the spatial divide Security and privacy Data mining
Start hacking.
