1 / 41

Exotic Grasses in Our Forests

This guide offers a thorough overview of managing invasive grasses, such as Japanese stiltgrass and Johnsongrass, in forested environments. It highlights essential aspects of their biology, effective prevention strategies, and control methods using both mechanical and chemical approaches. Emphasizing the role of herbicides and the integration of pest management techniques, this resource aims to provide land managers, horticulturists, and environmentalists with practical tools for sustaining native ecosystems while reducing the impact of these invasive species.

abie
Télécharger la présentation

Exotic Grasses in Our Forests

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Exotic Grasses in Our Forests Art Gover Penn State PENNDOT Roadside Research Project Department of Horticulture

  2. Resources • http://rvm.cas.psu.edu • annual research reports • training Powerpoints • publications • factsheets • applicator training materialsUse and Characteristics of Herbicides for Non-crop Weed Control - 42 pages, 132 K

  3. Weed Management Basics • Bigger Picture: • Symptoms vs Cause • Broad Based Approach • Integrated Pest Management • Prevention & cure

  4. Weed Management Basics • Strategic Plan • Prioritize objectives • Optimize finite resources • Ongoing evaluation of results and objectives

  5. Japanese stiltgrass(Microstegium vimineum) • Annual grass • Shade tolerant • Germination begins mid-March/mid-April • Seedhead late-August/late-September

  6. Stiltgrass Management • Prevent seed set • Consider seedbank as perennial • Once present, control is multi-year (ongoing) • Think '5 Year Plan'

  7. Prevention • Sanitation - don't move seed/stems to uninfested areas • Establish alternate groundcover (where light permits) • Roadsides • Heavily used trails, trailheads

  8. Controlling Stiltgrass • Mechanical • Mow/pull late summer (before seed set) • Mow low • String-trimming on 8/6/02 in Phila. Provided 93% control

  9. Stiltgrass Control • Herbicides • Preventive (preemergence) • Curative (postemergence) • Labeling • Herbicide use is governed by SITE, not target species • Stiltgrass does not have to be listed on the label to legally use

  10. Choosing an Herbicide • Stiltgrass growth stage • Site • Desirable species • Equipment

  11. Herbicide Categories Preemergence - applied to soil, prevents establishment from seed Non-selective, contact - 'burndown' Non-selective, systemic - injures all vegetation, moves through plant Selective (graminicides) - injure only grasses

  12. Preemergence • Used to control annual weeds in turf and ornamental beds • Must be applied before germination • Will not control emerged stiltgrass • Will not injure established plants • Similar to Preen

  13. Preemergence • pendimethalin - Pendulum • oryzalin - Oryzalin T/O • prodiamine - Endurance • trifluralin - Treflan • oxyfluorfen - Goal 2XL

  14. Non-selective, Contact • Only affects emerged plants • Affects contacted plant parts • Rapid symptoms - 2 to 5 days • Perennials will regrow • Most effective on small plants

  15. Non-selective, Contact • glufosinate - Finale, Derringer • diquat - Reward

  16. Non-selective, systemic • Plants must be emerged • Translocates throughout plant • All contacted plants affected • Low rates (16 to 32 oz/ac) kill stiltgrass, leave perennials • No soil activity

  17. Non-selective, systemic • glyphosate • available in terrestrial and aquatic labels

  18. Selective (Graminicides) • Plants must be emerged • Affect only grasses - not sedges, rushes, dicots • Smaller, annual grasses most sensitive

  19. Selective (Graminicides) • quizalofop-P - Assure II • fluazifop-P - Fusilade II • sethoxydim - Vantage • clethodim - Envoy • fenoxaprop-P - Acclaim Extra

  20. Leersia preserved,Assure II, 4 oz/ac

  21. Plateau • Low use rates, 2 to 8 oz/ac • Very effective preemergence, fair-to-good postemergence • Journey is premix of Plateau plus glyphosate (8 oz Journey = 3 oz Plateau + 4 oz RoundUp)

  22. Systemic, Residual • PRE and POST activity • Selectivity determined by rate, timing, and application

  23. Systemic, Residual • sulfometuron - Oust XP • 0.5 to 1 oz/ac • imazapyr - Arsenal • ? - 8 oz/ac • imazapic - Plateau, Journey • 4 oz/ac Plateau • 8 - 12 oz/ac Journey

  24. Stiltgrass - annual grass vegetative growth germination seed ripening

  25. Stiltgrass - annual grass vegetative growth germination seed ripening PRE - pendimethalin, Endurance, oryzalin, trifluralin PRE/EARLY POST - Goal 2XL PRE/POST - Plateau, Journey, Oust, Arsenal POST - glyphosate, Finale, Assure II Mowing

  26. Johnsongrass(Sorghum halepense) • perennial, C4 (warm season) • introduced 19th century, forage • stout rhizomes • Noxious weed in PA, MD, OH, WV • full sun

  27. David J. Moorhead, Univ. of Georgia

  28. Bonnie Harper-Lore, USDOT-FHWA

  29. Barry Fitzgerald, USDA-ARS

  30. Virginia Tech Weed Identification Guide Johnsongrass rhizomes

  31. Nonnative Invasive Plants of Southern Forests • Grasses • giant reed (Arundo donax) • tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) • Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) • Nepalese browntop [stiltgrass] (Microstegium vimineum) • Chinese silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis) • bamboos (Phyllostachys, Bambusa)

  32. Johnsongrass Control • June, prior to seed ripening • Herbicides • imazapyr • sulfometuron • glyphosate • imazapic • imazapic + glyphosate

  33. Johnsongrass - perennial grass flowering rhizome production rhizome initiation seed germ

  34. Johnsongrass - perennial grass flowering rhizome production rhizome initiation seed germ Early POST: graminicides Pre seed-set: glyphosate, Oust, Arsenal

More Related